{"id":159,"date":"2021-07-28T09:35:59","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T01:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=159"},"modified":"2024-03-16T21:33:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-16T13:33:03","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e8%8a%82%ef%bc%9a%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e6%b5%81%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=159","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h1>\n

\u4e00\u3001linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210<\/h1>\n

1.1 \u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206<\/h2>\n

\uff081\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3+\u5185\u6838<\/h3>\n

\u6309\u7167\u529f\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\uff0clinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5185\u6838\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5177\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u60f3\u63a7\u5236\u786c\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u53ea\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5185\u6838\u90e8\u5206\u624d\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u786c\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001<\/h3>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u786c\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u60f3\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u64ad\u653e<\/p>\n

\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u518d\u5411\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f<\/p>\n

\u5411\u4e0b\u8d70<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u8d77\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u6307\u4ee4—–\u300b\u6b64\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6001<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a7\u5236\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6—-\u300b\u6b64\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u5185\u6838\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u6001<\/p>\n

\u5411\u4e0a\u8d70\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012—————————————–\u300b\u5185\u6838\u6001<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6210\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f——-\u300b\u7528\u6237\u6001<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n

\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4ee3\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b64\u523b\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u6838\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53bb\u8ddf\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4ee3\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b64\u523b\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53bb\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u4ea4\u9053<\/p>\n

linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5207\u6362\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff09<\/p>\n

1.2 \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206<\/h2>\n

\uff081\uff09bootfs+rootfs<\/h3>\n

linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53bb\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7531 bootfs \u548c rootfs \u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210<\/p>\n

    \n
  • 1\u3001bootfs(boot file system)\n
      \n
    • \u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b bootloader \u548c kernel\uff0cbootloader \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d kernel\uff0c\u5f53 kernel \u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\uff0c bootfs (\u5305\u542bbootloader\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u76f8\u5173\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6)\u4fbf\u4f1a\u88ab umount \u6389\uff0c\u5378\u8f7d\u6389\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6838kernel\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u4e86<\/li>\n
    • \u540c\u6837\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5176bootfs\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • 2\u3001rootfs (root file system)\n
        \n
      • \u5305\u542b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5178\u578b Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\/dev\uff0c\/proc\uff0c\/bin\uff0c\/etc \u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0crootfs\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4e0d\u540c\u7684 linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08\u5982 ubuntu \u548c CentOS\u3001rockylinnux ) \u5728 rootfs \u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \uff082\uff09\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n

        \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aiso\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u538b\u91ca\u653e\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u5e26\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u76d8<\/p>\n

        \u4e8c\u3001linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h1>\n

        \u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u673a\/\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

        1\u3001\u901a\u7535\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884c BIOS\uff08basic input output system\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5199\u6b7b\u5728\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\uff09<\/p>\n

        2\u3001BIOS\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u542f\u52a8\u76d8\uff08\u542f\u52a8\u76d8\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76d8\u3002BIOS\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u4e0eCMOS\u4e2d\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n

        3\u3001BIOS\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a512bytes\uff08\u5373mbr\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0cmbr\u7684\u524d446\u662fboot-loader\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e64\u662f\u5206\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540e2\u5b57\u8282\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/p>\n

        4\u3001Boot-loader\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8ba9cpu\u53bb\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

         Boot-loader \u662f\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53bb\u5e76\u8ba9CPU\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Boot-loader\u6709 Grub\u3001Lilo\u3001spfdisk\u7b49\u7b49\uff0clinux\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662fGrub\uff08GRand Unified Bootloader\uff1agrand\u7edf\u4e00\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\uff09\n\n bootfs \u4f1a\u88ab umount \u6389\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58<\/code><\/pre>\n
        Linux \u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u653e\u5728 \/boot \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7c7b\u4f3c vmlinuz*\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
        [root@rockylinux ~]# ll \/boot\/ |grep vm\n-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13364712 Mar 15 18:16 vmlinuz-0-rescue-38e2404ef0af4d86a04f631aa44ce83b\n-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13364712 Nov  9 01:47 vmlinuz-5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64<\/code><\/pre>\n
        5\u3001linux\u5185\u6838\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f0\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u9759\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u7684<\/p>\n
        \u57280\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4f1a\u63a5\u8fde\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f1\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c2\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
        1\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u53bb\u8c03\u7528\u53efinit\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cinit\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
        2\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n
        \u6240\u4ee5\u8bf40\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f1\u53f7\u548c2\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b1\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b2\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
        rockylinux9.3\u3001centos7.9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
        \"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        PID\u4e3a1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
        \uff081\uff09\u5728centos6\u4e2d\u8be5\u7956\u5b97\u8fdb\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3ainit<\/p>\n
        \uff082\uff09\u5728centos7\u4e4b\u540e\uff08\u5305\u62ecrockylinux\uff09\u8be5\u7956\u5b97\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u4e3asystemd\u3001\u3001ubuntu\u8fd8\u662f\u53ebinit<\/p>\n
        ps\uff1a\u76ee\u524dlinux\u7684\u597d\u591a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5982\u7ea2\u5e3d\u3001debian\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\/sbin\/init\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6307\u5411Systemd\uff0cSystemd\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684linux init\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c<\/code><\/pre>\n
        rockylinux<\/p>\n
        \"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76841\u53f7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9664\u4e86\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u9646\u7eed\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b<\/h1>\n
        Linux\u5206\u4e3a7\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b0\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u505c\u673a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b1\uff1a\u5355\u7528\u6237\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\uff0croot\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u9646
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b2\uff1a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001(\u6ca1\u6709NFS)
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b3\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001(\u6709NFS)\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b4\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b5\uff1aX11\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5f62GUI\u6a21\u5f0f
        \n\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b6\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u4e3a6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n
        \u8fd9\u4e9b\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\u4f55\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
        1\u3001C6<\/h3>\n
        # 1.\u52a0\u7535\u81ea\u68c0(BIOS)\n# 2.MBR\u5f15\u5bfc (512k) dd <\/dev\/zero >\/dev\/sda bs=1k count=400 \n# 3.GRUB\u83dc\u5355(\u9009\u62e9\u7cfb\u7edf)\n# 4.\u8fd0\u884cinit\n- \u68c0\u67e5\/etc\/inittab (id:3:initdefault)\n- \u627e\u5230\/etc\/rc3.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5S\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8 \n\n# 5.\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec8\u7aef\n\n# 6.\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\n## \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b: \n- 0:\u5173\u673a\n- 1:\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\n- 2:\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc) - 3:\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u547d\u4ee4\u884c)\n- 4:\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\n- 5:\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762\n- 6:\u91cd\u542f<\/code><\/pre>\n
        2\u3001C7.9\u3001rockylinux9.3\u3001ubuntu<\/h3>\n
        # 1.\u52a0\u7535\u81ea\u68c0(BIOS)\n# 2.MBR\u5f15\u5bfc (512k)  dd <\/dev\/zero >\/dev\/sda bs=1k count=400 \n# 3.GRUB2\u83dc\u5355(\u9009\u62e9\u7cfb\u7edf)\n# 4.\u8fd0\u884csystemd\n- \u68c0\u67e5\/etc\/systemd\/system\/default.target -> \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target\n- \u627e\u5230\/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.wants\/\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8 # 5.\u5efa\u7acb\u7ec8\u7aef\n# 6.\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\n\n## \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b: \n- 0:\u5173\u673a poweroff.target\n- 1:\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f rescue.target\n- 2:\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc) multi-user.target\n- 3:\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f(\u547d\u4ee4\u884c) multi-user.target\n- 4:\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528 multi-user.target\n- 5:\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762 graphical.target\n- 6:\u91cd\u542f reboot.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
        init\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0b<\/p>\n
        init \u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\u7f16\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7systemctl get-default\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u7684target\n\n\u901a\u8fc7systemctl set-default\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u7684target\n\n\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u9700\u6267\u884c\uff1a\nsystemctl set-default multi-user.target\n\n\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u6267\u884c\uff1a\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5355\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h1>\n
        1\u3001\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u754c\u9762\uff0c\uff08\u6309\u4e0b\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u76d8\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u7ee7\u7eed\uff09<\/p>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u6309e\u952e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u9762\u754c\u9762<\/p>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u6309\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u201cro\u201d\u4e00\u884c\uff0cro\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662fread only\uff0c\u5c06\u201cro\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u6210 rw init=\/sysroot\/bin\/sh\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        2\u3001\u6309Ctrl-x \u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
        3\u3001\u6267\u884cchroot \/sysroot\u3002\u5176\u4e2dchroot\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u5207\u6362\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\/sysroot\/\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n
        4\u3001\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4fee\u6539root\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n
        passwd\u662f\u4fee\u6539root\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u547d\u4ee4,touch \/.autorelabel \u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9SELinux\u751f\u6548\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u8106\u5173\u95edSELinux\uff09
        \n\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002\u6309Ctrl+D\uff0c\u6267\u884creboot\u91cd\u542f\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe<\/p>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u200b   5\u3001\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u4e3a\u542f\u7528x-window\u6216\u8005\u663e\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u684c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u7ea7\u522b\uff08\u5f00\u673a\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n
        systemctl set-default multi-user.target  #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\ninit 3 # \u5207\u6362\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\n\u6309\u4e0bCtrl+D\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884creboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u4e94\u3001grub\u52a0\u5bc6<\/h1>\n
        centos7.2 + \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201c grub2-setpassword \u201d\n\n1) \u6267\u884c grub2-setpassword \u547d\u4ee4\n# grub2-setpassword\nEnter password:\nConfirm password:\n2\uff09\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u5bfc\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u51ed\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u51ed\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u5bfc\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg \u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\n\n\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u641c\u7d22\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5menuentry\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u627e\u5230\u6761\u76ee\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664 --unrestricted \u53c2\u6570\n\n3) reboot \u91cd\u542f\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165 grub \u83dc\u5355\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u5bfc\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u516d\u3001\u5149\u76d8\u4fee\u590d\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h1>\n
        #1\u3001\u8fdb\u5165bios\u3001\u4ece\u5149\u76d8\u542f\u52a8\n#2\u3001\u70b9\u51fbTroubleshooting\n#3\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u5230Troubleshooting\u754c\u9762\n\u9009\u62e9\uff1aRescue a CentOS Linux system\n\n#4\u3001\u4e09:\u8fdb\u5165\u5230Rescue\u9009\u9879   \u6309 ENTER\u952e \u90091 \uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u610f\u601d\u5982\u4e0b\n1)continue:\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/mnt\/sysimage\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\n2)Read-Only:\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\n3)Skip to shell: \u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\n\n#5\u3001sh\u5207\u6362bash\u6a21\u5f0f\nchroot \/mnt\/sysimage\/\n\n#6\u3001\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\npasswd root\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        bios\u52a0\u5bc6<\/p>\n
        ....<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6263\u7535\u6c60<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b \u4e00\u3001linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210 1.1 \u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206 \uff081\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3+\u5185\u6838 \u6309\u7167\u529f\u80fd\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5212\u5206\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":32,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[25],"tags":[21,19,35,22,20],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=159"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8465,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159\/revisions\/8465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/32"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}