{"id":193,"date":"2021-07-28T10:53:14","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T02:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=193"},"modified":"2024-04-18T21:44:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T13:44:03","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e8%8a%82%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e7%bb%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=193","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406-\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h1>\n

\u4e00 Linux\u7528\u6237\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237\uff1f<\/h3>\n
\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\r\n\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u4e13\u95e8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\r\n\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7531\u6765<\/code><\/pre>\n
2\u3001\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u54e6\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff1f<\/h3>\n
# \u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\r\n1\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u81f4\r\n2\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aroot\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898<\/code><\/pre>\n
3\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n
[root@aliyum ~]# id  # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\r\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# whoami  # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8c01\r\nroot\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# id egon  # \u67e5\u770begon\u7528\u6237\r\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# who  # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\r\nroot     pts\/2        2020-10-23 15:24 (139.227.12.100)\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# \r\n\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# ps aux |grep [s]sh  # \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7528\u6237\r\nroot      1067  0.0  0.2 112920  4328 ?        Ss   Feb15   0:04 \/usr\/sbin\/sshd -D\r\nroot     27197  0.0  0.2 154708  5576 ?        Ss   15:24   0:00 sshd: root@pts\/2<\/code><\/pre>\n
4\u3001linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u5212\u5206<\/h3>\n
\u5728linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5206\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\r\n\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\r\n\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5206\u914d\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\r\n\r\n# \u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff1a\r\n\u5bf9\u4e8elinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u901a\u8fc7UID\u548cGID\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\uff1b\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5982egon\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u7ed9\u4eba\uff08\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff09\u770b\u7684\uff0clinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662fUID\u548cGID\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002\r\n\r\n# uid\u4e0egid\r\n1. UID \uff08User Identify\uff09\u7528\u6237ID\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\uff0cuid\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002uid\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\r\n2. GID \uff08Group Identify\uff09\u7ec4ID\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\uff0cuid\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u53f7\uff0cgid\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\r\n\r\ncentos7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d\u7ea6\u5b9a\r\nuid: 0   \u7531\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff08\u8d2b\u6c11\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u5e03\u8863\/bin\/bash\uff09         \r\nuid: 1~499  \u7cfb\u7edf\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237\uff1aUID\u8303\u56f41-499\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5080\u5121\r\nuid: 500-65535  \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\r\n\r\ncentos7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a\r\n0       \u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u80fd\u529b\r\n1~200   \u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\r\n201~999 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n1000+   \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6709\u9650\r\n\r\n# \u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\r\n\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\uff0c\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\uff0c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a<\/code><\/pre>\n
5\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662froot\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5176UID\u548cGID\u5747\u4e3a0\u3002root\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6bcf\u53f0unix\/linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002\r\n\r\n\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\r\n- 1\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf=\u300b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\r\n- 2\u3001root\u7528\u6237=\u300b\u56fd\u738b\r\n- 3\u3001root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55=\u300b\u7687\u5bab\r\n\r\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\r\n- 1\u3001\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u7981\u6b62root\u5e10\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u7687\u5e1d\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684SSH\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u7687\u5bab\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u3002\r\n- 2\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u767b\u5f55root\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528sudo\u7ba1\u7406\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec6\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6743\u9650\u5206\u914d\u3002\r\n- 3\u3001\u5728linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cuid\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7528\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7528sudo\u5355\u72ec\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7528uid\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c<\/code><\/pre>\n
6\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n
# Linux\/Unix\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n# windows\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n\r\n\u591a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\r\n\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\r\n\u56de\u5fc6\u4e4b\u524d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684linux\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff1a\r\nmultics-\u300bunix-\u300blinux\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5linux\u662f\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u673a\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8fde\u673a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u673a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fde\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u591a\u7528\u6237or\u5355\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e8c \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\u548c\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \/etc\/passwd<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/shadow<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/group<\/li>\n
  • \/etc\/gshadow<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55\u540d)\uff1b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1b\u5728\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ax\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5bc6\u7801\u5df2\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\/etc\/shadow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1aUID \uff1b\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u672c\u6587\u7684UID\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff1b\r\n\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1aGID\uff1b\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u672c\u6587\u7684GID\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\uff1b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\r\n\u7b2c\u516d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\r\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u7528SHELL\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \/etc\/shadow<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    small_egon:$1$VE.Mq2Xf$2c9Qi7EQ9JP8GKF8gH7PB1:13072:0:99999:7:::\r\nbig_egon:$1$IPDvUhXP$8R6J\/VtPXvLyXxhLWPrnt\/:13072:0:99999:7::13108:\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55\u540d)\uff0c\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\/etc\/passwd \u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u628apasswd \u548cshadow\u4e2d\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u975e\u7a7a\u7684\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5df2\u88ab\u52a0\u5bc6)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u662fx\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u975e\u7a7a\u7684\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e0a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ece1970\u5e7401\u670801\u65e5\u7b97\u8d77\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff08\u5929\u6570)\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7passwd \u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u770b\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u56db\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u95f4\u9694\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0,\u5219\u7981\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u53e3\u4ee4\uff1b\u6b64\u9879\u529f\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5927\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/login.defs\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0cPASS_MIN_DAYS \u4e2d\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u95f4\u9694\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7531\/etc\/login.defs\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5728PASS_MAX_DAYS \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u516d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u63d0\u524d\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u8b66\u544a\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u5c06\u8fc7\u671f\uff1b\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u767b\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u5c06\u8981\u4f5c\u5e9f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7531\/etc\/login.defs\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5728PASS_WARN_AGE \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u53e3\u4ee4\u8fc7\u671f\u4e4b\u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u7981\u7528\u6b64\u7528\u6237\uff1b\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\u4f5c\u5e9f\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7981\u7528\u6b64\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8ba9\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u7528\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u516b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u8fc7\u671f\u65e5\u671f\uff1b\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f5c\u5e9f\u7684\u5929\u6570\uff08\u4ece1970\u5e74\u76841\u67081\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5929\u6570)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5e10\u53f7\u6c38\u4e45\u53ef\u7528\uff1b www.hackdig.com\r\n\r\n\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5907\u5c06\u6765Linux\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u7528\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u7528 man shadow\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u60a8\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff1b<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \/etc\/group\uff1a\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \/etc\/gshadow\uff1a\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \/etc\/skel\/ \u7528\u6237\u8001\u5bb6\u7684\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n
    \/home\/xxx \u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
    \/var\/spool\/mail\/xxx \u7528\u6237\u90ae\u7bb1\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
    \u4e09 \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n
    \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u6c47\u603b<\/p>\n
    useradd        #\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\r\nuserdel        #\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\r\nusermod        #\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n
    1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
    [root@localhost ~]# useradd user1 <\/code><\/pre>\n
    2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
    [root@localhost ~]# id user1\r\nuid=1002(user1) gid=1003(user1) \u7ec4=1003(user1)\r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# who  # \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\r\n[root@localhost ~]# whoami  # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\r\n[root@localhost ~]# pkill -KILL -u egon # \u5f3a\u5236\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u7ebf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n
    [root@localhost ~]# userdel user1 # \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237user1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548cmail\r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# userdel -r user1  # \u8981\u60f3\u5220\u5f7b\u5e95,\u52a0-r\u9009\u9879<\/code><\/pre>\n
    4\u3001useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n
    #\u600e\u6837\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\r\n1) \u638c\u63e1useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u3002\r\n2) \u4e86\u89e3useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879\uff1a\r\n3) \u2013u\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\r\n4) \u2013g\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e3b\u7fa4\r\n   \u2013G\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7fa4\r\n5) \u2013d\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n6) \u2013c\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f\r\n7) \u2013s\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u7528\u7684shell\r\n8) -e\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\r\n9) -M: \u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n10) -r: \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u6237\uff0cuid\u5904\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n\r\n#\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\r\na) \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2afox\uff08\u72d0\u72f8\uff09\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1auseradd fox\r\nb) \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237user01\uff0c\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e3apolice\u4ee5\u53cauid\u4e3a600\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\r\nuseradd \u2013u 600 \u2013g police user01\r\n\r\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u7ec3\u4e60\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user01       \r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user02 -u 503                # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237usr02\uff0c\u6307\u5b9auid\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user03 -d \/aaa               # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237user03 \u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user04 -M                    # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237user04\uff0c\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user05 -s \/sbin\/nologin      # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6307\u5b9ashell\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user06 -g hr                 # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user07 -G sale               # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user08 -e 2014-04-01         # \u6307\u5b9a\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user10 -u 4000 -s \/sbin\/nologin\r\n\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# useradd xxx -M -s \/sbin\/nologin  # \u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# useradd -r yyy -s \/sbin\/nologin  # -r\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0cuid\u5904\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237uid\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\r\n                                                  # \u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\/var\/spool\/mail\/yyy\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n
    5\u3001usermod\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
    \u540cuseradd\u53c2\u6570\u57fa\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7useradd\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0cusermod\u662f\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n
    -u         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684UID\r\n\r\n-g         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\r\n\r\n-a        #\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8865\u5145\u7ec4\u3002\u4ec5\u4e0e-G\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\r\n\r\n-G        #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4, \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\r\n\r\n-d         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n\r\n-c         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\r\n\r\n-s         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684bash shell\r\n\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -e 2013-02-11 user1000  # \u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -g group1 jj # \u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -a -G group2 jj # \u4fee\u6539\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c-a\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0-a\u4ee3\u8868\u8986\u76d6\r\n\r\n\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\r\n-m        #\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\r\n\r\n-l         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u540d\r\n\r\n-L         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\r\n\r\n-U         #\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u89e3\u9501\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/code><\/pre>\n
    6\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/h3>\n
    passwd  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\r\npasswd \u7528\u6237\u540d  # root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\r\necho \"\u5bc6\u7801\" | passwd --stdin \u7528\u6237\u540d  # \u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\r\n\r\n# \u8865\u5145\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6765\u5145\u5f53\u5bc6\u7801\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 1-10\r\n70ba11a74b\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n
    \uff1d\uff1d\u4fee\u6539UID\uff0cSHELL\uff1d\uff1d\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod --help\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user10\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'user10' \/etc\/passwd\r\nuser10:x:509:509::\/home\/user10:\/bin\/bash\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -u 2000 user10                   \/\/\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237uid\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -s \/sbin\/nologin user10      \/\/\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237shell\r\n\r\n\u8865\u5145,-G\u5728\u6ca1\u6709-a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u8868\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -G group1,group2 user10      \/\/\u628a\u7528\u6237user10\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7ec4group1 group2\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -G group3,group4 user10      \/\/\u628a\u7528\u6237user10\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7ec4group3 group4\u4e2d,\u6b64\u65f6group3,group4\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6389\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684group1,group2\r\n\r\n==\u5bc6\u7801\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\uff1d\uff1d\r\n[root@root ~]# useradd user1000\r\n[root@root ~]# passwd user1000\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'user1000' \/etc\/shadow\r\nuser1000:$1$Hw2wCJoe$FU91eSBsBx1W0CGdIhTwh\/:15775:0:99999:7:::\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -L user1000  # \u9501\u4f4f\u7528\u6237\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'user1000' \/etc\/shadow\r\nuser1000:$6$WLHLI8zV$0jVjYsQig.jPNrcikI.R8GsgXPaSnlzslEmsRV1Nyb7FUr9Ls6RosWtHsf3LPio7PgM80raOqlWzd\/lGn5fN71:18484:0:99999:7:::\r\n\u767b\u5f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -U user1000  # \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'user1000' \/etc\/shadow\r\nuser1000:$6$WLHLI8zV$0jVjYsQig.jPNrcikI.R8GsgXPaSnlzslEmsRV1Nyb7FUr9Ls6RosWtHsf3LPio7PgM80raOqlWzd\/lGn5fN71:18484:0:99999:7:::\r\n\u767b\u5f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\n\uff1d\uff1d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\uff1d\uff1d\r\n[root@root ~]# date\r\nMon Aug 10 22:49:12 CST 2020\r\n[root@root ~]# usermod -e 2020-11-11 user1000\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'user1000' \/etc\/shadow\r\nuser1000:$6$WLHLI8zV$0jVjYsQig.jPNrcikI.R8GsgXPaSnlzslEmsRV1Nyb7FUr9Ls6RosWtHsf3LPio7PgM80raOqlWzd\/lGn5fN71:18484:0:99999:7::18577:\r\n\u767b\u5f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n\r\n==useradd \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u6587\u4ef6==\r\n1. \/etc\/login.defs\r\n2. \/etc\/default\/useradd         # \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 useradd -D\u67e5\u770b\r\n3. \/etc\/skel\/*                  # \u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6269\u5c55\u9605\u8bfb<\/h3>\n
    useradd\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08-u\u3001-g\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ee5\/etc\/login.defs\u3001\/etc\/default\/useradd\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u7269\r\n\r\n#\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/login.defs\u8be6\u89e3\r\n[root@egon ~]# grep -Ev \"^#|^$\" \/etc\/login.defs\r\nMAIL_DIR \/var\/spool\/mail\r\nPASS_MAX_DAYS 99999        #\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5927\u6709\u6548\u671f\r\nPASS_MIN_DAYS 0            #\u4e24\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\r\nPASS_MIN_LEN 5            #\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eroot\u65e0\u6548\r\nPASS_WARN_AGE 7            #\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u524d\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u793a\r\nUID_MIN 1000            #\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\r\nUID_MAX 60000            #\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\nSYS_UID_MIN 201            #\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\r\nSYS_UID_MAX 999            #\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237ID\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\nGID_MIN 1000            #\u7ec4ID\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\r\nGID_MAX 60000            #\u7ec4ID\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\nSYS_GID_MIN 201            #\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4ID\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\r\nSYS_GID_MAX 999            #\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7ec4ID\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\nCREATE_HOME yes            #\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\nUMASK 077                #\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6umask\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u9650\r\nUSERGROUPS_ENAB yes        #\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\r\nENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512    #\u5bc6\u7801\u52a0\u5bc6\u89c4\u5219\r\n\r\n#\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/default\/useradd\u8be6\u89e3\r\n[root@egon ~]# cat \/etc\/default\/useradd\r\nGROUP=100                #\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\/etc\/login.defs\u7684USERGRUUPS_ENAB\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3ano\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u63a7\u5236\r\nHOME=\/home                 #\u628a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5efa\u5728\/home\u4e2d\u3002\r\nINACTIVE=-1             #\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u505c\u6743,-1\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u3002\r\nEXPIRE=                 #\u8d26\u53f7\u7ec8\u6b62\u65e5\u671f,\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u542f\u7528\u3002\r\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash         #\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u7684shell\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\r\nSKEL=\/etc\/skel             #\u914d\u7f6e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u8def\u5f84\u3002\r\nCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes     #\u521b\u5efamail\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728.bash_* \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\r\n\u4ece\/etc\/skel\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7531\/etc\/default\/useradd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\r\n\r\n#\u6545\u969c\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u4e86rm -rf .*\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0-bash-4.1$\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\uff01\r\n-bash-4.1$ cp -a \/etc\/skel\/.bash* .\/\r\n-bash-4.1$ exit\r\n[root@egon ~]#         #\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5373\u53ef\u6062\u590d<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u56db \u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n
    \u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u6c47\u603b<\/h3>\n
    groupadd\r\n\r\ngroupmod\r\n\r\ngroupdel \r\n\r\ngpasswd  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\r\n\r\nnewgrp  # \u5207\u6362\u4e3b\u7ec4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyum ~]# groupadd gg1  #\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4, \u4e0d\u6307\u5b9agid\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\ngg1:x:2005:\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupadd -g 5555 gg2  #\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4, \u6307\u5b9agid\u4e3a5555\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\ngg2:x:5555:\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupadd -r gg3  # \u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff0cgid\u4ece201-999\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\ngg3:x:991:\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyum ~]# groupmod -g 1111 gg3\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\ngg3:x:1111:\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# \r\n\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupmod -n new_gg3 gg3  # -n \u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\nnew_gg3:x:1111:\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5220\u9664\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5220\u6389\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u6389\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\r\n\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# useradd egon1\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupadd devops\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# usermod -G devops egon1\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# id egon1\r\nuid=2004(egon1) gid=2004(egon1) groups=2004(egon1),5556(devops)\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# \r\n[root@aliyum ~]# \r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupdel devops  # \u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# id egon1  # \u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\r\nuid=2004(egon1) gid=2004(egon1) groups=2004(egon1)\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# groupdel egon1  # \u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u7ec4egon1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec4egon1\u5c5e\u4e8eegon1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u7ec4\r\ngroupdel: cannot remove the primary group of user 'egon1'\r\n[root@aliyum ~]# <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ec4\u662f\u5206\u7c7b\u7684
    \n1\u3001\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6216\u79f0\u4e3b\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7-g\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ec4(\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d)<\/p>\n
    2\u3001\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6388\u6743\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u540e\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1agpasswd\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7ec4\u6216\u4ece\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237\r\n[root@root ~]# gpasswd -a user07 it                 # \u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# gpasswd -M user02,user03,user04 it   # \u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u5230it\u7ec4\r\n[root@root ~]# gpasswd -A lhf it # \u6307\u5b9alhf\u4e3a\u7ec4it\u7684\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86root\u7528\u6237\u5916lhf\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5f80it\u7ec4\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u5458\r\n[root@root ~]# grep 'it' \/etc\/group                   # \u67e5\u770bit\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\r\nit:x:505:user02,user03,user04\r\n[root@root ~]# gpasswd -d user07 it                 # \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237usr07\u4eceit\u7ec4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u201dnewgrp \u7ec4\u201d\u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7ec4\u5185\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
    [root@localhost ~]# groupadd group1\r\n[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd group1\r\n\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u6539 group1 \u7ec4\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\r\n\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\r\n\u8bf7\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\r\n[root@localhost ~]# touch \/tmp\/a.txt\r\n[root@localhost ~]# ll \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 8\u6708  10 21:01 \/tmp\/a.txt\r\n[root@localhost ~]# chown .group1 \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n[root@localhost ~]# !ll\r\nll \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root group1 0 8\u6708  10 21:01 \/tmp\/a.txt\r\n[root@localhost ~]# chmod g+w \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n[root@localhost ~]# gpasswd group1\r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# su - egon\r\n\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\uff1a\u4e00 8\u6708 10 21:01:46 CST 2020pts\/0 \u4e0a\r\n[egon@localhost ~]$ echo 123 >> \/tmp\/a.txt  # \u6b64\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\r\n-bash: \/tmp\/a.txt: \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\r\n[egon@localhost ~]$ newgrp group1  # \u4e34\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7ec4group1\u4e0b\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u6743\u9650\r\n\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a\r\n[egon@localhost ~]$ echo 123 >> \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n[egon@localhost ~]$ cat \/tmp\/a.txt \r\n123<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e94 \u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h2>\n
    1\u3001\/etc\/passwd<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# vim \/etc\/passwd  # \u65b0\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/passwd\r\negon:x:2002:2002:\u54c8\u54c8\u54c8:\/home\/egon:\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/pre>\n
    2\u3001\/etc\/shadow<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'i have a dream'\r\nPassword: \r\n$1$i have a$jBGkkhpFu9WPSI1Nv.whT\/\r\n\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# vim \/etc\/shadow\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/shadow\r\negon:$1$i have a$jBGkkhpFu9WPSI1Nv.whT\/:18303::::::<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5236\u4f5c\u5bc6\u7801<\/h3>\n
    openssl passwd \u624b\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u7801\r\n\u5f15\u8a00:\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5411\u624b\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528opensll passwd\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u653e\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\r\n\r\nopenssl passwd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u7801hash\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5bc6\u7801\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\r\n\r\n\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a openssl passwd [option] passwd\r\n\r\nopenssl passwd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\r\n\r\n-1\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662fMD5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\r\n\r\n-salt\uff1a\u6307\u5b9asalt\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684salt\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0csalt\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684hash\u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5bc6\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0csalt\u503c\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684hash\u503c\u624d\u4e00\u6837\u3002salt\u4e3a8\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \r\n\r\n\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\r\n\r\n[tom@localhost ~]$ openssl passwd -1 -salt 'i have a dream'  ##\u6ce8\u610f'i have a dream' \u4e0d\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u800c\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u76d0,\u6ce8\u610f\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u76d0\u91cc\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\r\nPassword:   ##\u8fd9\u91cc\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\r\n$1$12345678$1qWiC4czIc07B4J8bPjfC0   ##\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\r\n\r\n##\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u4e32\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/shadow\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u9646\u5bc6\u7801\u4e86\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
    3\u3001\/etc\/group<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# vim \/etc\/group\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/group\r\negon:x:2002:<\/code><\/pre>\n
    4\u3001\/etc\/gshadow<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# vim \/etc\/gshadow\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# tail -1 \/etc\/gshadow\r\negon:!::<\/code><\/pre>\n
    5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u7528\u6237\u8001\u5bb6\u7684\u6a21\u677f\/etc\/skel\/ \u88c5\u4fee\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# mkdir \/home\/egon\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# cp -r \/etc\/skel\/.[!.]* \/home\/egon\/\r\n\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# chmod 700 \/home\/egon\/\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# chown -R egon.egon \/home\/egon\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
    6\u3001\/var\/spool\/mail\/xxx \u7528\u6237\u90ae\u7bb1\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# touch \/var\/spool\/mail\/egon\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# chmod 660 !$\r\nchmod 660 \/var\/spool\/mail\/egon\r\n[root@aliyun ~]# chown egon.mail \/var\/spool\/mail\/egon<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6d4b\u8bd5\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u767b\u5f55<\/h3>\n
    [root@aliyun ~]# ssh egon@127.0.0.1\r\negon@127.0.0.1's password: \r\nLast login: Mon Aug 10 23:18:55 2020 from 127.0.0.1\r\n\r\nWelcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !\r\n\r\n[egon@aliyun ~]$ whoami \r\negon<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406-\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 \u4e00 Linux\u7528\u6237\u4ecb\u7ecd 1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7528\u6237\uff1f \u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[21,19,35,22,20],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10471,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions\/10471"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}