\u591a\u9053\u6280\u672f\uff1a\r\n 1.\u4ea7\u751f\u80cc\u666f\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u5355\u6838\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\r\n ps\uff1a\r\n \u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u591a\u6838\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u90fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u591a\u9053\u6280\u672f\r\n \u67094\u4e2acpu\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8ecpu1\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9047\u5230io\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7b49\u5230io\u7ed3\u675f\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\u52304\u4e2a\r\n cpu\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\r\n\r\n 2.\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u7528\uff1a\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\r\n 3.\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u7528\uff1a\u590d\u7528\u4e00\u4e2acpu\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\r\n \u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u9047\u5230io\u5207\uff0c\u5360\u7528cpu\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u4e5f\u5207\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5207\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\r\n \u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0b\u6b21\u5207\u6362\u56de\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6b21\u5207\u8d70\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\r\n\r\n\u5373\u4f7f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7684cpu\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\uff08\u4f2a\uff09\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684cpu\u53d8\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684cpu\uff08\u591a\u9053\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528+\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u9694\u79bb\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c06\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94
\n\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u771f\u6b63 \u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5355\u6838\u53ea\u80fd\u5e76\u53d1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u591a\u6838\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u884c<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u7c7b\uff09<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u5207\u6362<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u72b6\u6001\r\n1\uff09\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u5230\u9664CPU\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u673a\u4fbf\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n2\uff09\u6267\u884c\uff08Running\uff09\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\r\n3\uff09 \u963b\u585e(Blocked)\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u653e\u5f03\u5904\u7406\u673a\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f15\u8d77\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u5b8c\u6210\u3001\u7533\u8bf7\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u4fe1\u4ef6(\u4fe1\u53f7)\u7b49\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5c31\u7eea\u2013>\u6267\u884c\r\n\u5904\u5728\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4e3a\u5176\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\r\n\u6267\u884c\u2013>\u5c31\u7eea\r\n\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5176\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8dd1\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba9\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u673a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ece\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u6210\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\r\n\u6267\u884c\u2013>\u963b\u585e\r\n\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ece\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u6210\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\r\n\u963b\u585e\u2013>\u5c31\u7eea\r\n\u5904\u5728\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u5c31\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7b80\u56fe
\n
![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\")
<\/div><\/p>\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u8be6\u56fe\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u884c\uff09
\n
<\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
1.2 \u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bf4\u5177\u4f53\u70b9\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\u7531\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528fork()\uff0c\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx -y\r\n[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# \r\n[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start nginx\r\n[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ps aux |grep nginx\r\n[root@rockylinux test]# ps -elf |grep nginx\r\n1 S root 52670 1 0 80 0 - 2527 sigsus 23:04 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process \/usr\/sbin\/nginx\r\n5 S nginx 52671 52670 0 80 0 - 3485 ep_pol 23:04 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process\r\n5 S nginx 52672 52670 0 80 0 - 3485 ep_pol 23:04 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process\r\n0 R root 52674 1556 0 80 0 - 55545 - 23:04 pts\/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001\uff08R\u3001S\u3001D\u3001T\u3001Z\u3001X\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\uff0c\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u7684\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u79cd<\/p>\n
\n- \u4e00\u3001\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\uff1a\uff08\u6d3b\u7740\u7684=\u8fd0\u884c+\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0TASK_RUNNING\uff09\n
\n- 1.1 \u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\n
\n- (1)\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u6001\uff0c\u6b63\u5360\u7528\u7740cpu\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aR<\/li>\n
- (2)\u3001\u5c31\u7eea\u6001\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7533\u8bf7\u5230cpu\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7533\u8bf7\u5230cpu\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u6295\u5165\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u4e3aR<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- 1.2 \u7761\u7720\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\n
\n- (1)\u3001\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff08TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE\uff09\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aS\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7b49\u5f85\u672c\u5730\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Semaphore\uff09\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n
- (2)\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff08TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\uff09\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aD\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u786c\u4ef6\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ca\u65f6\u5237\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e2d\u65ad\u8be5\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5904\u4e8eD\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bkill -9\u7adf\u7136\u4e5f\u6740\u4e0d\u6b7b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \u4e8c\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\uff1a\u5373\u6267\u884cdo_exit()\u7ed3\u675f\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n-\uff081\uff09EXIT_DEAD\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u771f\u6b63\u7ed3\u675f\u9000\u51fa\u90a3\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86
\n-\uff082\uff09EXIT_ZOMBIE\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165EXIT_DEAD\u72b6\u6001\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u4e3aZ\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u6b7b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u8be6\u7684\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
# R- -\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff09\r\n\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u6001 \u6216\u8005 \u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5c31\u7eea\u6001\uff08Running or Runnable\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\r\n\r\nlinux\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001S\u4e0eD\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5148\u8d5e\u505a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\r\n# \u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdS- -\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff08sleeping\uff09\r\n\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff08Interruptible Sleep\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8005\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528\u3002\r\n\r\n# \u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcds\uff1a\r\n\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08session\uff09\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\/\u9886\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9886\u5bfc\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\uff0c\r\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\r\n\r\n# <: \u662f\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 nice \u503c\u662f\u8d1f\u503c\u3002\r\n# N\uff1a\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\r\n# l(is multi-threaded): \u5373\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\r\n# +\u53f7\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u3002\r\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aS+\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\r\n# \u4e3e\u4f8b\r\nSs\r\nSsl\r\nS+\uff1a\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u3001\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\nS<sl: \u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u3001\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3001\u662f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3001\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\r\n# D\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff08disk sleep\uff09\r\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u523b\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u78c1\u76d8Io,\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edcio\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8eD\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f88\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88abtop\u6216\u8005ps\u770b\u5230\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728top\u548cps\u770b\u5230\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8eD\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85IO\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0d\u5230IO\u8d44\u6e90 \u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2aD\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u542f\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u88abkill \u6389\u3002\r\n\r\n# T\uff1a\u6682\u505c\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u88ab\u505c\u6b62\uff08Stopped\uff09\u3002\r\n\r\n\u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aSIGSTOP\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u5165T\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\r\n\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001SIGCONT\u4fe1\u53f7\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\r\nkill -SIGSTOP pid\u53f7\r\nkill -SIGCONT pid\u53f7\r\n\r\n\u5f53\u4f60\u5728 vi \u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165 control-Z \u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u505c\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6682\u505c\u3002\r\n\r\n# Z\uff1a\u50f5\u6b7b\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u50f5\u6b7b\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u4e8eTASK_DEAD\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9000\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u6709\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u5c06\u88ab\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u9664\u4e86task_struct\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c11\u6570\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u4e0btask_struct\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e2a\u7a7a\u58f3\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e3a\u50f5\u5c38\u3002\r\n\r\n#X- -\u6b7b\u4ea1\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff08dead\uff09\r\n\u6b7b\u4ea1\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u2f8f kernel\/exit.c \u2fa5\u7684 do_exit() \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u662f\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868\u2fa5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u6682\u505c\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
# 1\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1aa.sh\r\n#!\/bin\/bash\r\n\r\nfor i in `seq 1 1000000`;\r\ndo\r\n sleep 1\r\n echo $i >> \/tmp\/run.log\r\ndone\r\n\r\n# 2\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8fa.sh\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\nsh a.sh &\r\n\r\n# 3\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\r\ntail -f \/tmp\/run.log\r\n\r\n# 4\u3001\u6253\u5f00\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6682\u505c\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f60\u7684run.log\u6709\u4f55\u53cd\u5e94\r\nps aux | grep a.sh\r\nkill -SIGSTOP pid\u53f7\r\nkill -SIGCONT pid\u53f7\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e8c \u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h2>\n2.1 ps aux\u67e5\u770b<\/h3>\n
ps aux\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u3001PID\u3001\u5360\u7528CPU\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n-a #\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\r\n-u #\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7528\u6237id\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\r\n\r\n-x #\u663e\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5404\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux |head -5\r\nUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND\r\nroot 1 0.0 0.3 128400 7104 ? Ss 8\u670812 0:05 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22\r\nroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 8\u670812 0:00 [kthreadd]\r\nroot 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 8\u670812 0:00 [kworker\/0:0H]\r\nroot 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 8\u670812 0:01 [kworker\/u256:0]<\/code><\/pre>\n\u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a<\/p>\n
USER: \u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\r\n\r\nPID\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0bID\r\n\r\n%CPU: CPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\r\n\r\n%MEM: \u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58RSS\u5360\u7528\u7387\r\n\r\nVSZ\uff1a \u5360\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\uff1aKB\uff08killo Bytes\uff09\r\n VSZ\u662f\u6307\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f88\u591a \r\n \u6bd4\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5806\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55\u7ebf\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\r\n\r\nRSS: \u5360\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\uff1aKB\uff08killo Bytes\uff09\r\n RSZ\u662fResident Set Size\uff0c\u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5373\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\r\n\r\nTTY\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\r\n\r\nSTAT\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001 man ps (\/STATE) \r\n R \u8fd0\u884c\r\n S \u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720 Sleep\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7761\u7720\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192=\u300b\u6267\u884c\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\r\n D \u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7761\u7720\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u5524\u9192=\u300b\u6267\u884c\u7684IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\r\n T \u505c\u6b62\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b \r\n Z \u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n X \u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u51e0\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4e86\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u6536\u4e86)\r\n\r\n < \u6807\u6ce8\u4e86<\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n N N\u4ee3\u8868\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\r\n s \u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\r\n\r\n + +\u8868\u793a\u662f\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\r\n\r\n l \u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdl\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ee5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\r\n | \u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\r\nSTART: \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\r\nTIME\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528CPU\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\r\n\r\nCOMMAND\uff1a \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\r\n \u5e26[]\u53f7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n \u4e0d\u5e26[]\u53f7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\u8865\u5145Centos9\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcdI\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\r\n\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\"I\"\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u662f\"Idle kernel thread\"\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u641e\u660e\u767d'VSZ\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eRSS\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58'\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u9b3c\u4e1c\u897f<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n1\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fMMU\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u8d85\u914d\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u75284G\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5c0f\u4e8e4G\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002\r\n\r\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 MMU\uff08Memory Management Unit \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff09\u3002\r\n\r\nMMU \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5229\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373CPU\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u5740\uff0c\u7531 MMU \u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u865a\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\r\nMMU\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4f7f\u75284G\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/pre>\n2\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u9875(Paging)\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528MMU\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002\r\n\u5b83\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\uff084K\uff09\u5206\u5272\u6210\u9875(page)\u548c\u9875\u5e27(page frame)\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9875\u4e0e\u9875\u5e27\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\n\r\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7fOS\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/pre>\n3\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9875\u8868<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7fCPU\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\r\n\u800c\u6620\u5c04\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9875\u8868(page table)\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\r\n\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/pre>\n4\u3001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5f15\u5165TLB\uff08Translation lookaside buffer\uff0c\u9875\u8868\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7f13\u51b2\uff09<\/strong>\r\n\u7531\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u9875\u8868\u662f\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053CPU\u901a\u8fc7\u603b\u7ebf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u6162\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u3002\r\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u67b6\u6784\u5f15\u5165\u4e86TLB\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\r\n\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/pre>\n5\u3001VSZ\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eRSS\u5185\u5b58\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n
linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u90fd\u662f\u8d85\u914d\u7684overcommit\u3002\u5373\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\r\n\r\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\uff0c\r\n\r\n\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f80\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u5360\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\r\n\r\n\u6240\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u67091G\uff0c\u4f46\u662fmalloc()\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf72G\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528malloc()\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\r\n\r\n\u793a\u4f8b1\uff1a\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fc730s\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5e94\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\r\n\r\n[root@test04 test]# cat overcommit_test.c \r\n#include <stdio.h>\r\n#include <malloc.h>\r\n#include <string.h>\r\n#include <unistd.h>\r\n#include <stdlib.h>\r\n\r\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\r\n{\r\nchar *p1;\r\n\r\np1 = malloc(100 * 1024 * 1024); \/*\u7533\u8bf7100M\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u6307\u9488p1*\/\r\nsleep(30);\r\nmemset(p1, 0x00, 50 * 1024 * 1024); \/*\u6839\u636ep1\u6307\u9488\u7684\u6307\u5411\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u771f\u6b63\u5e94\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58*\/\r\n\r\nsleep(6000);\r\nreturn 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n[root@test04 test]# gcc -o overcommit_test overcommit_test.c\r\n\r\n[root@test04 test]# .\/overcommit_test\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u6253\u5f00\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u770bVIRT\u4e3a106624KB\uff08~100M\uff09\uff0cRSS\u53ea\u6709616KB<\/span>\r\n[root@test04 ~]# ps aux |head -1<\/span>\r\nUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND\r\n[root@test04 ~]# ps aux |grep overcommit_test |grep -v grep<\/span> \r\nroot 91190 0.0 0.0 106624 616<\/span> pts\/3 S+ 14:13 0:00 .\/overcommit_test\r\n[root@test04 ~]# \r\n[root@test04 ~]# \r\n\r\n\u8fc7\u5927\u698230s\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u3002VIRT\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0cRSS\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u5230\u4e8653960KB\uff08~50M\uff09\uff0c\r\nRSS\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5360\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0cRRS\u5185\u5b58\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\r\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee3\u7801\u91ccmalloc\/memset\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u662f\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\r\n\u5177\u4f53RSS\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\/proc\/[pid]\/smaps\u6587\u4ef6\r\n[root@test04 ~]# ps aux |head -1<\/span>\r\nUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND\r\n[root@test04 ~]# ps aux |grep overcommit_test |grep -v grep<\/span>\r\nroot 91190 0.0 2.6 106624 53960<\/span> pts\/3 S+ 14:13 0:00 .\/overcommit_test\r\n\u8fd9\u79cdovercommit\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7533\u8bf7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\r\n\u4f46\u574f\u5904\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u771f\u7684\u7528\u5b8c\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u547d\uff0c\r\n\u53ea\u80fd\u6740\u6389\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fOOM\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u591a\u5356\u51e0\u5f20\u7968\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u5ea7\u4f4d\u5356105\u5f20\u7968\uff0c\u5982\u679c105\u4e2a\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u90fd\u53bb\u5750\u98de\u673a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u76845\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\r\n\u4eca\u5929\u7531\u4e8e\u5929\u6c14\u539f\u56e0\u822a\u73ed\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u7684\u4f53\u8c05<\/pre>\n6\u3001\u62a2\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7OOM\uff08\u5728docker\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4e00\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09<\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u8fdb\u884cSwap\u4ea4\u6362\uff0cswap\u5206\u533a\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u62d3\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5b58\r\nswap\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6709\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6swap\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1OOM-Killer\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bkill\u6389\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\r\nps\uff1aswap\u5206\u533a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\r\n\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u786c\u4ef6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5ec9\u4ef7\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u591f\u7528\uff0cswap\u5206\u533a\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\u90fd\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\r\n\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0swap\u5206\u533a\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7a76\u662f\u4f1a\u62d6\u6162\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0cswap\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u547d\u63aa\u65bd\u5e76\u975e\u63d0\u6548\u63aa\u65bd<\/pre>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
# 1\u3001S (TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE)\uff08\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5728ps\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u201cS\u201d\uff09\r\n\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85\u67d0\u67d0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7b49\u5f85socket\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u6302\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684task_struct\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff08\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u4e2d\u65ad\u89e6\u53d1\u3001\u6216\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u89e6\u53d1\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u3002\r\n\r\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5904\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u5b83\u53d1\u9001signal\u6765\u5524\u9192\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53d1HUP\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9nginx\u7684master\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9nginx\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8nginx\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\r\n\r\n\u901a\u8fc7ps\u547d\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5904\u4e8eTASK_INTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u9664\u975e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5f88\u9ad8\uff09\u3002\u6bd5\u7adfCPU\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u52a8\u8f84\u51e0\u5341\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5728\u7761\u7720\uff0cCPU\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u54cd\u5e94\u5f97\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\r\n\r\n# 2\u3001D (TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5728ps\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u201cD\u201d\uff09\r\n\u4e0eTASK_INTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u523b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fCPU\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\r\n\r\n\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u5728\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u54cd\u5e94\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u3002\u5426\u5219\u4f60\u5c06\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0ckill -9\u7adf\u7136\u6740\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u7761\u7720\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e86\uff01\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48ps\u547d\u4ee4\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u662fTASK_INTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\r\n\u800cTASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6001\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5c31\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528read\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800cread\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u6267\u884c\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8bbe\u5907\u9677\u5165\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u6682\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7ps\u547d\u4ee4\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u5230\u3002\r\n\r\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5219\u662f\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5173\u952e\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684I\/O\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728ps\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684D\u72b6\u6001(Uninterruptible Sleep,\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aDisk Sleep)\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\r\n\r\n\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5411\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u56de\u590d\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u8005\u4e2d\u65ad\u6253\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\r\n\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\u3002\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\r\n\r\nlinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5bb9\u6613\u6355\u6349\u7684TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6267\u884cvfork\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u8fdbTASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528exit\u6216exec \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5904\u4e8eTASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a\r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# cat test.c # \u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u662f\u5e2e\u4f60\u6a21\u62df\u51faD\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fd8\u662fsleep\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60kill\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u6389\u7684\u3002\r\nvoid main() { \r\nif (!vfork()) sleep(100); \r\n} \r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# gcc -o test test.c\r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# .\/test \r\n\r\n[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux | grep test\r\nroot 19454 0.0 0.0 4212 352 pts\/6 D+ 10:02 0:00 .\/test\r\nroot 19455 0.0 0.0 4212 352 pts\/6 S+ 10:02 0:00 .\/test\r\n\r\n# \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8euninterruptible sleep\u72b6\u6001\u5462\uff1f\r\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8eD\u72b6\u6001\u5462\uff1f\u5904\u4e8euninterruptible sleep\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85IO\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u78c1\u76d8IO\uff0c\u7f51\u7edcIO\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u8bbeIO\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u7684IO\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5f88\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u88abps\u770b\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709IO\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5916\u8bbe\u672c\u8eab\u51fa\u4e86\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6bd4\u5982NFS\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u3002\r\n\r\n\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230IO\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86uninterruptible sleep\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u60f3\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4eceuninterruptible sleep\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684IO\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6302\u8f7d\u7684NFS\u5377\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165uninterruptible sleep\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6062\u590d\u8be5NFS\u5377\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u4f7f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684IO\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\r\n\r\n# \u5f3a\u8c03\r\nD\u4e0eZ\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528kill -9\u6740\u6b7b\r\n\r\n# D\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u4e8e I\/O \u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7b49\u5f85\r\n\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801 fs\/proc\/array.c \u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u6587\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c \"D (disk sleep)\", \/* 2 *\/ \u201d\uff08\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5 D \u539f\u662fDisk\u7684\u6253\u5934\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740 include\/linux\/sched.h \u91cc\u7684\u201c #define TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE 2 \u201d\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53 NFS \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u672a\u4e8b\u5148 umount \u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5728 NFS \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6267\u884c df \u5c31\u4f1a\u6302\u4f4f\u6574\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u6309 Ctrl+C \u3001Ctrl+Z \u90fd\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u518d\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6267\u884c ps axf \u5219\u770b\u5230\u521a\u624d\u7684 df \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u4f4d\u5df2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86 D \uff0ckill -9 \u65e0\u6cd5\u6740\u706d\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6062\u590d NFS \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u6302\u8d77\u7684 df \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u82e6\u82e6\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u82e5 NFS \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5728 reboot \u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06 \/etc\/mtab \u91cc\u7684\u76f8\u5173 NFS mount \u9879\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d reboot \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f8b\u884c\u8c03\u7528 netfs stop \u65f6\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77\u3002\r\n\r\nNginx\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e00\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5927\u6982\u770b\u770b\u5c31\u884c\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u673a\u5668\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u7684wrk\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u752850\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684,\u5b83\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,NGINX\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42,\u4f46\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u963b\u585e\u6027\u80fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u4e14\u53eb\u5b83\u201c\u52a0\u8f7d\u6052\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u201d\u3002\r\n\r\n\u6027\u80fd\u5c06\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0aifstat\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u541e\u5410\u7387\uff08throughput\uff09\u548c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53f0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u7684wrk\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\r\n\r\n\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\r\ntop - 10:40:47 up 11 days, 1:32, 1 user, load average: 49.61, 45.77 62.89\r\nTasks: 375 total, 2 running, 373 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 67.7 id, 31.9 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st\r\nKiB Mem: 49453440 total, 49149308 used, 304132 free, 98780 buffers\r\nKiB Swap: 10474236 total, 20124 used, 10454112 free, 46903412 cached Mem\r\n\r\n PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND\r\n 4639 vbart 20 0 47180 28152 496 D 0.7 0.1 0:00.17 nginx\r\n 4632 vbart 20 0 47180 28196 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.11 nginx\r\n 4633 vbart 20 0 47180 28324 540 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.11 nginx\r\n 4635 vbart 20 0 47180 28136 480 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.12 nginx\r\n 4636 vbart 20 0 47180 28208 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.14 nginx\r\n 4637 vbart 20 0 47180 28208 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.10 nginx\r\n 4638 vbart 20 0 47180 28204 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.12 nginx\r\n 4640 vbart 20 0 47180 28324 540 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.13 nginx\r\n 4641 vbart 20 0 47180 28324 540 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.13 nginx\r\n 4642 vbart 20 0 47180 28208 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.11 nginx\r\n 4643 vbart 20 0 47180 28276 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.29 nginx\r\n 4644 vbart 20 0 47180 28204 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.11 nginx\r\n 4645 vbart 20 0 47180 28204 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.17 nginx\r\n 4646 vbart 20 0 47180 28204 536 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.12 nginx\r\n 4647 vbart 20 0 47180 28208 532 D 0.3 0.1 0:00.17 nginx\r\n 4631 vbart 20 0 47180 756 252 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 nginx\r\n 4634 vbart 20 0 47180 28208 536 D 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 nginx<\r\n 4648 vbart 20 0 25232 1956 1160 R 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 top\r\n25921 vbart 20 0 121956 2232 1056 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.97 sshd\r\n25923 vbart 20 0 40304 4160 2208 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.53 zsh\r\n\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u7387\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800cCPU\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u662f\u7a7a\u8f6c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u3002\u4ecewrk\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u770b\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff1a\r\nRunning 1m test @ http:\/\/192.0.2.1:8000\/1\/1\/1\r\n 12 threads and 50 connections\r\n Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +\/- Stdev\r\n Latency 7.42s 5.31s 24.41s 74.73%\r\n Req\/Sec 0.15 0.36 1.00 84.62%\r\n 488 requests in 1.01m, 2.01GB read\r\nRequests\/sec: 8.08\r\nTransfer\/sec: 34.07MB\r\n\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u9001\u8fbe\u7684\uff01\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684200\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fd9\u4e8e\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5904\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u793a\u4f8b1<\/p>\n
# 1\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e31\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\r\n[root@egon ~]# vim egon.txt\r\n\r\n# 2\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e32\u67e5\u770bvim\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\uff1aS+\r\n[root@egon ~]# ps aux |grep [v]im # \u52a0\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u4f1a\u7b5b\u51fa\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0cgrep\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5c55\u793a\r\nroot 103231 1.5 0.2 149828 5460 pts\/2 S+ 17:48 0:00 vim egon.txt\r\n\r\n# 3\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e31\u6267\u884c\uff1actrl+z\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u540e\u53f0\r\n[root@egon ~]# vim egon.txt\r\n\r\n[4]+ \u5df2\u505c\u6b62 vim egon.txt\r\n\r\n# 4\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e32\u67e5\u770bvim\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\uff1aT\r\n[root@egon ~]# ps aux |grep [v]im\r\nroot 103231 0.3 0.2 149828 5460 pts\/2 T 17:48 0:00 vim egon.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\u793a\u4f8b2\uff1a\u67e5\u770bS+\u3001R+\u3001D+<\/p>\n
# 1\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e31\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\r\n[root@egon ~]# tar cvzf egon.tar.gz \/etc\/ \/usr\/ \/var\/ \/usr\/\r\n\r\n# 2\u3001\u5728\u7a97\u53e32\u67e5\u770btar\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1aS+\u3001R+\u3001D+\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ps aux |grep [t]ar;sleep 0.3;clear;done<\/code><\/pre>\n\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6811<\/p>\n
[root@egon ~]# rpm -qf `which pstree`\r\npsmisc-22.20-16.el7.x86_64\r\n[root@egon ~]# pstree\r\n[root@egon ~]# pstree 104239\r\nbash\u2500\u2500\u2500bash\u2500\u2500\u2500bash\u2500\u2500\u2500bash\u2500\u2500\u2500pstree<\/code><\/pre>\n\u67e5\u770bppid<\/p>\n
[root@egon ~]# ps -elf | head -10\r\nUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD\r\nroot 1 0 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:07 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd --system --deserialize 20\r\nroot 2 0 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]\r\nroot 4 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:00 [kworker\/0:0H]\r\nroot 6 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:06 [ksoftirqd\/0]\r\nroot 7 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:00 [migration\/0]\r\nroot 8 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]\r\nroot 9 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:03 [rcu_sched]\r\nroot 10 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:00 [lru-add-drain]\r\nroot 11 2 0 11\u670801 ? 00:00:01 [watchdog\/0]<\/code><\/pre>\n2.2 top\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u6001\u67e5\u770b<\/h3>\n
\uff081\uff09 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n
[root@localhost ~]# top\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -d 1 # 1\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -d 1 -p \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684pid\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -d 1 -p `pgrep nginx | head -1`\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -d 1 -p `pgrep sshd | head -1`,33 # \u67e5\u770bsshd\u4ee5\u53capid\u4e3a33\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -d 1 -u nginx # \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n[root@localhost ~]# top -b -n 2 > top.txt # \u5c062\u6b21top\u4fe1\u606f\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\uff082\uff09 \u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\r\nup\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\r\nup\u53f3\u8fb9\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\r\nload average: 0.86, 0.56, 0.78 CPU 1\u5206\u949f\uff0c5\u5206\u949f\uff0c15\u5206\u949f\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\r\n\r\n\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\r\n'''\r\n===========> \u5173\u4e8ecpu\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u6807\r\n1\u3001\u5173\u4e8ecpu\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\r\n\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387 = \u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684cpu\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u6001us+\u5185\u6838\u6001sy\uff09 \/ cpu\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\r\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e3a100%\u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u75281\u9897cpu\r\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e3a200%\u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u75282\u9897cpu\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u53ea\u67094\u9897cpu\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6700\u591a400%\r\n\u603b\u7ed3\uff1acpu\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u662fcpu\u7684\u5229\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\r\n\r\n2\u3001\u5173\u4e8eload average\r\n\u5728\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff08\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\uff09\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u67094\u9897cpu\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc74\u7684\r\n\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8d1f\u8f7d\u53cd\u5e94\u7684cpu\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\r\n\r\n\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\r\n 1\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1---\u300bcpu\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd0\u884c\r\n 2\u3001io\u4efb\u52a1-----\u300b\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\r\n\r\n \u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u7740\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n cpu\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\r\n \u78c1\u76d8\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684io\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u80af\u5b9a\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\r\n \u603b\u4e4b\u6709\u4e8b\u505a\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6d3b\u8dc3\r\n\r\n \u800cS\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u7528\u6237\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\uff0c\u5373io\u64cd\u4f5c\u5565\u4e8b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u505a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\r\n \u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\r\n\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u67091\u9897cpu\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ee1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c1\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc71\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u8d85\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u95f2\r\n\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u67094\u9897cpu\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ee1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3a4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c4\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc74\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u8d85\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e4\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u95f2\r\n\r\n\u4ee51\u9897cpu\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aR\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u91cc\u67099\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e481\u5206\u949f\u7684load average=1+9\r\n\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u67094\u9897cpu\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8d23\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8fc74\u7684\r\n\r\n3\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\r\n\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u624b\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6d3b\u8981\u505a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f60\u95ee\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\u662f\u5565\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u544a\u8bc9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\r\n\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f60\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8001\u677f\u4f60\u77ac\u95f4\u6012\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u50bb\u554a\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e72\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u554a\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u4e5f\u5f88\u51a4\u6789\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u884c\u554a\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2aio\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684io\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\r\n\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u7740\u5bf9\u65b9\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u6570\u636e\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u522b\u770b\u6211\u5f88\u95f2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\r\n\r\n===========>\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u591a\u5c11\u5408\u7406? \r\n\u5047\u8bbe\u73b0\u5728\u57284\uff0c2\uff0c1\u6838\u7684CPU\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3a2\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462?\r\n------------------------------------------------\r\n\u6838\u5fc3\u6570 \u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d \u542b\u4e49\r\n4 2 \u6709\u4e00\u534a(50%)\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\r\n2 2 CPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u521a\u597d\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5360\u7528\r\n1 2 \u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u62a2\u4e0d\u5230CPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\r\n-------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n===========>\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1f\r\n\u4e09\u4e2a\u503c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u7edf\u7b79\u5730\u770b\r\n1\u3001\u5982\u679c1\u5206\u949f\uff0c5\u5206\u949f\uff0c15\u5206\u949f\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6570\u503c\u90fd\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e00\u6837\r\n2\u3001\u5982\u679c1\u5206\u949f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e15\u5206\u949f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9010\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u521a\u521a\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u5927\u98ce\u6d6a\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e15\u5206\u949f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u771f\u67e5\u660e\r\n3\u3001\u5982\u679c15\u5206\u949f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u5206\u949f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bc1\u660e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9010\u6e10\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\r\n4\u3001\u4e00\u65e61\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u63a5\u8fd1\u6216\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86CPU\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5f97\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c \u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u3002\r\n\r\n==========>\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a4\u4e2aCPU\u8dd1\u6ee1\r\n[root@egon ~]# cat \/proc\/cpuinfo | grep processor\r\nprocessor : 0\r\nprocessor : 1\r\nprocessor : 2\r\nprocessor : 3\r\n\u6253\u5f00\u7a97\u53e31\uff1a\u6267\u884ctop\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63091\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u56db\u4e2a\u6838\u7684id\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a100%\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7a97\u53e32\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u89c2\u5bdf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\r\n[root@egon ~]# top\r\n[root@egon ~]# \u63091\r\n\r\n\u6253\u5f00\u7a97\u53e32\uff1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u5316\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));done &\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));done &\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));done &\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));done &\r\n\r\n\u7528ps aux | grep bash\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217R\u7684bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u6740\u6389\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdfcpu\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9010\u6b65\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u9759\r\n\r\n\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\u6362\u6210\u4e0b\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8fde\u7eed\u6267\u884cn\u6b21\uff0ccpu\u8d1f\u8f7d\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\uff1f\r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));sleep 0.1;done & \r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));sleep 0.1;done & \r\n[root@egon ~]# while true;do ((1+1));sleep 0.1;done & \r\n\u3002\u3002\u3002\u6267\u884c\u597d\u591a\u6b21\r\n\r\n\u8865\u51451\uff1a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528stress\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684while\u547d\u4ee4\r\nstress\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u62df\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f,\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5yum install stress -y\r\n[root@egon ~]# stress --cpu 4 --timeout 3000 # 3000\u4ee3\u8868\u6301\u7eed\u6267\u884c3000\u79d2\r\n\r\n\u8865\u51452\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5yum install sysstat -y\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\r\nmpstat \u662f\u591a\u6838CPU\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709CPU\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6307\u6807\u3002\r\n[root@egon ~]# mpstat -P ALL 3 # 3s\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6807\r\n\r\npidstat \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\uff0cIO\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7b49\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002\r\n[root@egon ~]# pidstat -u 1 5 # 1\u79d2\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u8f93\u51fa5\u6b21\r\n'''<\/code><\/pre>\n\uff083\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
us User\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528cpu\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6001\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u503c1-19\uff09\r\nsys System\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528cpu\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\r\nni Nice\uff0cnice\u503c\u4e3a1-19\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5360cpu\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\r\nid Idle\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a7a\u95f2cpu\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\r\nwa Iowait\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u7684cpu\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u6bd4\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\r\nhi Hardware irq\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u6240\u5360\u7528CPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\r\nsi Softtirq\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\r\nst Steal\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u540c\u4e00\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u62a2\u8d70\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\r\n\r\nnice \u662f Linux \u548c Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\r\n\u5728 Unix-like \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884cCPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 nice \u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u83b7\u5f97 CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002nice \u503c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5728 -20 \u5230 19\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d -20 \u8868\u793a\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u800c 19 \u5228\u793a\u6700\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b nice \u503c\u662f 0\u3002\r\n\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4ee50\u8fd9\u4e2anice\u503c\u4e3a\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff0c1-19\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8981\u4f4e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5165top\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684ni\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\r\n-20~-1\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5165top\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684us\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\r\n\r\nnice\u503c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u597d\u5fc3\u503c\uff0c\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\u5fc3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u63a5\u8fd1\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 nice \u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684 CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5c06\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a nice \u503c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff1a\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06 nice \u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f97\u8f83\u4f4e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982-20\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f53 CPU \u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c06 nice \u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982+19\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5c06\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab CPU \u9009\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u66f4\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002\r\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u6743\u9650\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 root \u7528\u6237\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 nice \u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5927\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7684 CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u3002\r\n\r\nlinux\u4e2d\u65ad\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/linhaifeng\/articles\/13916102.html<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7bad\u5934Timeline\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6761\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868Linux\u7528\u6237\u6001\uff08User space\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8868\u5185\u6838\u6001\uff08Kernel space\uff09\u3002
\n
<\/div>
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2acpu\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee5\u6b64\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6846\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n\n- \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846us\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cus\u201d\u6846\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868linux\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684Cpu Usage\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff08System Call\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d88\u8017\u7684CPU\u5c31\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201cus\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6846sys\uff1a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982read()\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\u3002\u5185\u6838\u6001read()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5728\u8bfb\u5230\u771f\u6b63disk\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201csy\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5185\u6838cpu\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n
- \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6846wa\uff1a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aread()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u5411linux\u7684Block Layer\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O Request,\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001TASK_UNINTERUPTIBLE\u3002\u800clinux\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6807\u8bc6\u6210\u201cwa\u201d\uff0c<\/li>\n
- \u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u6846sys\uff1a\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u78c1\u76d8\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u62ff\u5230\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u5185\u6838\u6001CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u201csy\u201d<\/li>\n
- \u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u6846us\uff1a\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u518d\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5207\u56de\u7528\u6237\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6001CPU\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u201cus\u201d<\/li>\n
- \u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u6846id\uff1a\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u4e8b\u53ef\u505a\u5c31\u4f11\u7720\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5047\u8bbe\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2aCPU\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u201cid\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n
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- \u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662fhi\u8fd8\u662fsi\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u7684cpu\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5165\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684cpu\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u6765\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684cpu\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201cni\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u201cst\u201d
\n“ni”\u662fnice\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684nice\u503c\u662f\u6b63\u503c\uff081-19\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684cpu
\n\u201cst\u201d\u662fsteal\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u673a\u91cc\u7528\u7684cpu\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u62a2\u8d70\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u597d\u5947\u5b9d\u5b9d\u53d1\u95ee\uff1atop\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u8ff0cpu\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u5f00\u59cblinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5360\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u9519\u662f\u7d2f\u52a0\u7684\u3002
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\n\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9cpu\u8d44\u6e90\u7d2f\u79ef\u5360\u7528\u7684\u662flinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dproc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\ntop\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770bproc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5e94stat\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u76842\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684
\n\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\uff1ahttps:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=7388<\/a> \u7b2c2.1\u5c0f\u8282\uff0c\u5728docker\u5bb9\u5668\u6df1\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9<\/p>\n\uff084\uff09\u5176\u4f59\u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
top \u547d\u4ee4 VSZ,RSS,TTY,STAT, VIRT,RES,SHR,DATA\u7684\u542b\u4e49\r\n====================================================\r\nVIRT\uff1avirtual memory usage \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\r\n1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u201c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u201d\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7b49\r\n2\u3001\u5047\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7533\u8bf7100m\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8610m\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u589e\u957f100m\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\r\n\r\nRES\uff1aresident memory usage \u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58\r\n1\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ecswap out(\u5f53\u67d0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5411OS\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5b58\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\uff0cOS\u4f1a\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u653e\u5728SWAP\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3aSWAP OUT\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e14OS\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u6709\u7a7a\u95f2\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u628aSWAP\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u56de\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3aSWAP IN)\r\n2\u3001\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\r\n3\u3001\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7100m\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u752810m\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u589e\u957f10m\uff0c\u4e0eVIRT\u76f8\u53cd\r\n4\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u5e93\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u7edf\u8ba1\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5360\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\r\n\r\nSHR\uff1ashared memory \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\r\n1\u3001\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\r\n2\u3001\u867d\u7136\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\r\n3\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u5360\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u516c\u5f0f\uff1aRES \u2013 SHR\r\n4\u3001swap out\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u964d\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u5145\u88d5\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u5408\u79df\u5185\u5b58\u4e86\r\n\r\nDATA\r\n1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679ctop\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6309f\u952e\u3001\u7136\u540e\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u9009\u4e2dDATA\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u7136\u540e\u6309q\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\r\n2\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\n\r\n# \u4e09 top \u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 top \u7684\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u663e\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09\uff1a\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\r\nM \u6309\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\r\nP \u6309CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u6392\u5e8f\r\nN \u4ee5PID\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\r\nR \u5bf9\u6392\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u8f6c\r\nf \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u663e\u793a\u5b57\u6bb5\r\n1 \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709CPU\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\r\ns \u6539\u53d8\u753b\u9762\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\r\n\r\nh|?\u5e2e\u52a9\r\n< \u5411\u524d\r\n> \u5411\u540e\r\nz \u5f69\u8272<\/code><\/pre>\n(5) \u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001r \u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff08Nice Level\uff09 \r\n\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u503c\u4e3a-20~19\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5c0f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c-20\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c19\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u4f4e\u3002\r\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u57280\uff5e19\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c03\u6574\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6743\u8c03\u6574\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u503c\uff08\u4ece-20\uff5e19\uff09\u3002\r\n\r\n2\u3001k \u7ed9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7 1,2(^C),9,15,18,19(^Z)<\/code><\/pre>\n(6) \u66f4\u591a\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/p>\n
l \u2013 \u5173\u95ed\u6216\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c top \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u793a\r\nt \u2013 \u5173\u95ed\u6216\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c Tasks \u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c Cpus \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u793a\r\nm \u2013 \u5173\u95ed\u6216\u5f00\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u56db\u884c Mem \u548c \u7b2c\u4e94\u884c Swap \u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u793a\r\nN \u2013 \u4ee5 PID \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\r\nP \u2013 \u4ee5 CPU \u5360\u7528\u7387\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\r\nM \u2013 \u4ee5\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u7387\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\r\nh \u2013 \u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\r\nn \u2013 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u6240\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\r\nq \u2013 \u9000\u51fa top\r\n\r\n\u5e8f\u53f7 \u5217\u540d \u542b\u4e49\r\na PID \u8fdb\u7a0bid\r\nb PPID \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bid\r\nc RUSER Real user name\r\nd UID \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u7528\u6237id\r\ne USER \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\r\nf GROUP \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u540d\r\ng TTY \u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u540d\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e3a ?\r\nh PR \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\r\ni NI nice\u503c\u3002\u8d1f\u503c\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\r\nj P \u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CPU\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u591aCPU\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\r\nk %CPU \u4e0a\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\r\nl TIME \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u603b\u8ba1\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u79d2\r\nm TIME+ \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\u603b\u8ba1\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d1\/100\u79d2\r\nn %MEM \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\r\no VIRT \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\u3002VIRT=SWAP+RES\r\np SWAP \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\u3002\r\nq RES \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3001\u672a\u88ab\u6362\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\u3002RES=CODE+DATA\r\nr CODE \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\r\ns DATA \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u90e8\u5206(\u6570\u636e\u6bb5+\u6808)\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\r\nt SHR \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4dkb\r\nu nFLT \u9875\u9762\u9519\u8bef\u6b21\u6570\r\nv nDRT \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u3002\r\nw S \u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\uff08D=\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u7761\u7720\u72b6\u6001\uff0cR=\u8fd0\u884c\uff0cS=\u7761\u7720\uff0cT=\u8ddf\u8e2a\/\u505c\u6b62\uff0cZ=\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\r\nx COMMAND \u547d\u4ee4\u540d\/\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\r\ny WCHAN \u82e5\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u7761\u7720\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u51fd\u6570\u540d\r\nz Flags \u4efb\u52a1\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u53c2\u8003 sched.h\r\n\r\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684 PID\u3001USER\u3001PR\u3001NI\u3001VIRT\u3001RES\u3001SHR\u3001S\u3001%CPU\u3001%MEM\u3001TIME+\u3001COMMAND \u5217\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\r\n\r\n\u901a\u8fc7 f \u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6309 f \u952e\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5217\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6309 a-z \u5373\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u6216\u9690\u85cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\r\n\u6309 o \u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5217\u7684\u663e\u793a\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6309\u5c0f\u5199\u7684 a-z \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5217\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u5199\u7684 A-Z \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5217\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\r\n\u6309\u5927\u5199\u7684 F \u6216 O \u952e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309 a-z \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u5927\u5199\u7684 R \u952e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5012\u8f6c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001.png\")
<\/div><\/p>\n![\"file\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-1658293200384.png\")
<\/div><\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1111.png\")
<\/div><\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2222.png\")
<\/div><\/pre>\n![\"file\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/image-1660006810667.png\")
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