{"id":4017,"date":"2022-03-18T22:33:47","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T14:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4017"},"modified":"2022-09-03T09:47:27","modified_gmt":"2022-09-03T01:47:27","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%9b%9b%e8%8a%82%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e5%8f%8a%e5%86%85%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4017","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u56db\u8282\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u5f15\u5b50<\/h1>\n

\u200b \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8b\u7269\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684(\u5982:\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff08\u64cd\u4f5cint\u7c7b\u578b\uff09 \uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u64cd\u4f5cstr\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u64cd\u4f5clist\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u7b49)\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\uff0c python\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e8c \u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578bint\u4e0efloat<\/h1>\n

2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n
# 1\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\n# 1.1 \u6574\u578bint\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\nage=10  # \u672c\u8d28age = int(10)\n\n# 1.2 \u6d6e\u70b9\u578bfloat\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\nsalary=3000.3  # \u672c\u8d28salary=float(3000.3)\n\n# \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u540d\u5b57+\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\n# print(...)\u8c03\u7528\u6253\u5370\u529f\u80fd\n# int(...)\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\n# float(...)\u8c03\u7528\u521b\u5efa\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# 1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\n# 1.1 int\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7531\u7eaf\u6574\u6570\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u82e5\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u610f\u975e\u6574\u6570\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\n>>> s = '123'\n>>> res = int(s)\n>>> res,type(res)\n(123, <class 'int'>)\n\n>>> int('12.3') # \u9519\u8bef\u6f14\u793a\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5185\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u975e\u6574\u6570\u7b26\u53f7.\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>\nValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12.3'\n\n# 1.2 \u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\n# \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5236\n>>> bin(3)\n'0b11'\n>>> oct(9)\n'0o11'\n>>> hex(17)\n'0x11'\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6c\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\n>>> int('0b11',2)\n3\n>>> int('0o11',8)\n9\n>>> int('0x11',16)\n17\n\n# 1.3 float\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\n>>> s = '12.3'\n>>> res=float(s)\n>>> res,type(res)\n(12.3, <class 'float'>)<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.3 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e09 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h1>\n
3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/h2>\n
# \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\\\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\\\u4e09\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u7b26\nname1 = 'jason'  # \u672c\u8d28:name = str('\u4efb\u610f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9')\nname2 = "lili"  # \u672c\u8d28:name = str("\u4efb\u610f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9")\nname3 = """ricky"""  # \u672c\u8d28:name = str("""\u4efb\u610f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5185\u5bb9""")<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff1astr()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \n>>> type(str([1,2,3])) # list->str\n<class 'str'>\n>>> type(str({"name":"jason","age":18})) # dict->str\n<class 'str'>\n>>> type(str((1,2,3)))  # tuple->str\n<class 'str'>\n>>> type(str({1,2,3,4})) # set->str\n<class 'str'><\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
3.3.1 \u4f18\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
>>> str1 = 'hello python!'\n\n# 1.\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u53d6\u503c(\u6b63\u5411\u53d6\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u53d6)\uff1a\n# 1.1 \u6b63\u5411\u53d6(\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3)\n>>> str1[6]\np\n# 1.2 \u53cd\u5411\u53d6(\u8d1f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6)\n>>> str1[-4]\nh\n# 1.3 \u5bf9\u4e8estr\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u7d22\u5f15\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\n>>> str1[0]='H' # \u62a5\u9519TypeError\n\n# 2.\u5207\u7247(\u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e\uff0c\u6b65\u957f)\n# 2.1 \u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e\uff1a\u53d6\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a0\u52308\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\n>>> str1[0:9]  \nhello pyt\n# 2.2 \u6b65\u957f\uff1a0:9:2,\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u65702\u4ee3\u8868\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a2\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53d6\u51fa\u7d22\u5f150\u30012\u30014\u30016\u30018\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\n>>> str1[0:9:2]  \nhlopt \n# 2.3 \u53cd\u5411\u5207\u7247\n>>> str1[::-1]  # -1\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u503c\n!nohtyp olleh\n\n# 3.\u957f\u5ea6len\n# 3.1 \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u51e1\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u90fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u5b57\u7b26)\n>>> len(str1) # \u7a7a\u683c\u4e5f\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\n13\n\n# 4.\u6210\u5458\u8fd0\u7b97 in \u548c not in    \n# 4.1 int:\u5224\u65adhello \u662f\u5426\u5728 str1\u91cc\u9762\n>>> 'hello' in str1  \nTrue\n# 4.2 not in:\u5224\u65adtony \u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u5728 str1\u91cc\u9762\n>>> 'tony' not in str1 \nTrue\n\n# 5.strip\u79fb\u9664\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9996\u5c3e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26(\u9ed8\u8ba4\u79fb\u9664\u7a7a\u683c)\n# 5.1 \u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u79fb\u9664\u9996\u5c3e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26(\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\\n\u3001\\t)\n>>> str1 = '  life is short!  '\n>>> str1.strip()  \nlife is short!\n\n# 5.2 \u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u9996\u5c3e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\n>>> str2 = '**tony**'  \n>>> str2.strip('*')  \ntony\n\n# 6.\u5207\u5206split\n# 6.1 \u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5207\u5206\u7b26\u53f7\n>>> str3='hello world'\n>>> str3.split()\n['hello', 'world']\n# 6.2 \u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u6309\u7167\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5207\u5272\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n>>> str4 = '127.0.0.1'\n>>> str4.split('.')  \n['127', '0', '0', '1']  # \u6ce8\u610f:split\u5207\u5272\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5217\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\n\n# 7.\u5faa\u73af\n>>> str5 = '\u4eca\u5929\u4f60\u597d\u5417\uff1f'\n>>> for line in str5:  # \u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\n...     print(line)\n...\n\u4eca\n\u5929\n\u4f60\n\u597d\n\u5417\n\uff1f<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3.2 \u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
1.strip, lstrip, rstrip<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> str1 = '**tony***'\n\n>>> str1.strip('*')  # \u79fb\u9664\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\n'tony'\n>>> str1.lstrip('*')  # \u53ea\u79fb\u9664\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\ntony***\n>>> str1.rstrip('*')  # \u53ea\u79fb\u9664\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\n**tony<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.lower(),upper()<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> str2 = 'My nAme is tonY\uff01'\n\n>>> str2.lower()  # \u5c06\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5168\u90e8\u53d8\u5c0f\u5199\nmy name is tony\uff01\n>>> str2.upper()  # \u5c06\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5168\u90e8\u53d8\u5927\u5199\nMY NAME IS TONY\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.startswith,endswith<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> str3 = 'tony jam'\n\n# startswith()\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u503cTrue\u6216False\n>>> str3.startswith('t') \nTrue\n>>> str3.startswith('j')\nFalse\n# endswith()\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u503cTrue\u6216False\n>>> str3.endswith('jam')\nTrue\n>>> str3.endswith('tony')  \nFalse<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4bformat<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528%s\u6765\u505a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e%s\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5format\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f20\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
# format\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u5728\u4f20\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u4e71\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u5730\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u503c\uff0cname=\u2018tony\u2019\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7ed9{name}\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {name}, my age is {age}!'.format(age=18,name='tony')\n>>> str4  \n'my name is tony, my age is 18!'\n\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {name}{name}{name}, my age is {name}!'.format(name='tony', age=18)\n>>> str4  \n'my name is tonytonytony, my age is tony!'<\/code><\/pre>\n
format\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/p>\n
# \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e%s\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e{}\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {}, my age is {}!'.format('tony', 18)\n>>> str4 \nmy name is tony, my age is 18!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u628aformat\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528{\u7d22\u5f15}\u53d6\u503c\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {0}, my age is {1}!'.format('tony', 18)\n>>> str4\nmy name is tony, my age is 18!\n\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {1}, my age is {0}!'.format('tony', 18)\n>>> str4  \nmy name is 18, my age is tony!\n\n>>> str4 = 'my name is {1}, my age is {1}!'.format('tony', 18)\n>>> str4  \nmy name is 18, my age is 18!<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.split,rsplit <\/strong><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
# split\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5207\u5272\u6b21\u6570\n>>> str5='C:\/a\/b\/c\/d.txt'\n>>> str5.split('\/',1)\n['C:', 'a\/b\/c\/d.txt']  \n\n# rsplit\u521a\u597d\u4e0esplit\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5207\u5272\u6b21\u6570\n>>> str5='a|b|c'\n>>> str5.rsplit('|',1)\n['a|b', 'c']<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.join <\/strong><\/p>\n
# \u4ece\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u62fc\u63a5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n>>> '%'.join('hello') # \u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32'hello'\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167%\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\n'h%e%l%l%o'\n>>> '|'.join(['tony','18','read'])  # \u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u62fc\u63a5\n'tony|18|read'<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.replace<\/strong><\/p>\n
# \u7528\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u65e7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\n>>> str7 = 'my name is tony, my age is 18!'  # \u5c06tony\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u753118\u5c81\u6539\u621073\u5c81\n>>> str7 = str7.replace('18', '73')  # \u8bed\u6cd5:replace('\u65e7\u5185\u5bb9', '\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9')\n>>> str7\nmy name is tony, my age is 73!\n\n# \u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\n>>> str7 = 'my name is tony, my age is 18!'\n>>> str7 = str7.replace('my', 'MY',1) # \u53ea\u628a\u4e00\u4e2amy\u6539\u4e3aMY\n>>> str7\n'MY name is tony, my age is 18!'<\/code><\/pre>\n
8.isdigit <\/strong><\/p>\n
# \u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7eaf\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3aTrue\u6216False\n>>> str8 = '5201314'\n>>> str8.isdigit()\nTrue\n\n>>> str8 = '123g123'\n>>> str8.isdigit()\nFalse<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.3.3 \u4e86\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
# 1.find,rfind,index,rindex,count\n# 1.1 find\uff1a\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u627e\u5f97\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u5b571\uff0c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de-1\n>>> msg='tony say hello'\n>>> msg.find('o',1,3)  # \u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a1\u548c2(\u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e)\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b57\u7b26o\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n1  \n# 1.2 index:\u540cfind,\u4f46\u5728\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\n>>> msg.index('e',2,4) # \u62a5\u9519ValueError\n# 1.3 rfind\u4e0erindex\uff1a\u7565\n# 1.4 count:\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u5927\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n>>> msg = "hello everyone"\n>>> msg.count('e')  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n4\n>>> msg.count('e',1,6)  # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32e\u5728\u7d22\u5f151~5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\n1\n\n# 2.center,ljust,rjust,zfill\n>>> name='tony'\n>>> name.center(30,'-')  # \u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a30\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c45\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u7528-\u586b\u5145\n-------------tony-------------\n>>> name.ljust(30,'*')  # \u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a30\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u7528*\u586b\u5145\ntony**************************\n>>> name.rjust(30,'*')  # \u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a30\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u7528*\u586b\u5145\n**************************tony\n>>> name.zfill(50)  # \u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a50\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u591f\u75280\u586b\u5145\n0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000tony\n\n# 3.expandtabs\n>>> name = 'tony\\thello'  # \\t\u8868\u793a\u5236\u8868\u7b26(tab\u952e)\n>>> name\ntony    hello\n>>> name.expandtabs(1)  # \u4fee\u6539\\t\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u6570\ntony hello\n\n# 4.captalize,swapcase,title\n# 4.1 captalize\uff1a\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\n>>> message = 'hello everyone nice to meet you!'\n>>> message.capitalize()\nHello everyone nice to meet you!  \n# 4.2 swapcase\uff1a\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7ffb\u8f6c\n>>> message1 = 'Hi girl, I want make friends with you!'\n>>> message1.swapcase()  \nhI GIRL, i WANT MAKE FRIENDS WITH YOU!  \n#4.3 title\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u5927\u5199\n>>> msg = 'dear my friend i miss you very much'\n>>> msg.title()\nDear My Friend I Miss You Very Much \n\n# 5.is\u6570\u5b57\u7cfb\u5217\n#\u5728python3\u4e2d\nnum1 = b'4' #bytes\nnum2 = u'4' #unicode,python3\u4e2d\u65e0\u9700\u52a0u\u5c31\u662funicode\nnum3 = '\u56db' #\u4e2d\u6587\u6570\u5b57\nnum4 = '\u2163' #\u7f57\u9a6c\u6570\u5b57\n\n#isdigt:bytes,unicode\n>>> num1.isdigit()\nTrue\n>>> num2.isdigit()\nTrue\n>>> num3.isdigit()\nFalse\n>>> num4.isdigit() \nFalse\n\n#isdecimal:uncicode(bytes\u7c7b\u578b\u65e0isdecimal\u65b9\u6cd5)\n>>> num2.isdecimal() \nTrue\n>>> num3.isdecimal() \nFalse\n>>> num4.isdecimal() \nFalse\n\n#isnumberic:unicode,\u4e2d\u6587\u6570\u5b57,\u7f57\u9a6c\u6570\u5b57(bytes\u7c7b\u578b\u65e0isnumberic\u65b9\u6cd5)\n>>> num2.isnumeric() \nTrue\n>>> num3.isnumeric() \nTrue\n>>> num4.isnumeric() \nTrue\n\n# \u4e09\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\n>>> num5 = '4.3'\n>>> num5.isdigit()\nFalse\n>>> num5.isdecimal()\nFalse\n>>> num5.isnumeric()\nFalse\n\n'''\n\u603b\u7ed3:\n    \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fisdigit,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65adbytes\u548cunicode\u7c7b\u578b,\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\n    \u5982\u679c\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u7f57\u9a6c\u6570\u5b57,\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230isnumeric\u3002\n'''\n\n# 6.is\u5176\u4ed6\n>>> name = 'tony123'\n>>> name.isalnum() #\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\nTrue\n>>> name.isalpha() #\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\nFalse\n>>> name.isidentifier()\nTrue\n>>> name.islower()  # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7eaf\u5c0f\u5199\nTrue\n>>> name.isupper()  # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7eaf\u5927\u5199\nFalse\n>>> name.isspace()  # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u5168\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\nFalse\n>>> name.istitle()  # \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u5199\nFalse<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56db \u5217\u8868<\/h1>\n
4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n
# \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5728[]\u5185,\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\nl1 = [1,'a',[1,2]]  # \u672c\u8d28:l1 = list([1,'a',[1,2]])<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# \u4f46\u51e1\u80fd\u88abfor\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u7ed9list()\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\uff0clist()\u4f1a\u8ddffor\u5faa\u73af\u4e00\u6837\u904d\u5386\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7136\u540e\u653e\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\n>>> list('wdad') # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a['w', 'd', 'a', 'd'] \n>>> list([1,2,3]) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a[1, 2, 3]\n>>> list({"name":"jason","age":18}) #\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a['name', 'age']\n>>> list((1,2,3)) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a[1, 2, 3] \n>>> list({1,2,3,4}) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a[1, 2, 3, 4]<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.3 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
4.3.1 \u4f18\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
# 1.\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u53d6\u503c(\u6b63\u5411\u5b58\u53d6+\u53cd\u5411\u5b58\u53d6)\uff1a\u5373\u53ef\u5b58\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6  \n# 1.1 \u6b63\u5411\u53d6(\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3)\n>>> my_friends=['tony','jason','tom',4,5]\n>>> my_friends[0]  \ntony\n# 1.2 \u53cd\u5411\u53d6(\u8d1f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6)\n>>> my_friends[-1]  \n5\n# 1.3 \u5bf9\u4e8elist\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u7d22\u5f15\u53d6\u503c\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u7d22\u5f15\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u62a5\u9519\n>>> my_friends = ['tony','jack','jason',4,5]\n>>> my_friends[1] = 'martthow'\n>>> my_friends\n['tony', 'martthow', 'jason', 4, 5]\n\n# 2.\u5207\u7247(\u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e\uff0c\u6b65\u957f)\n# 2.1 \u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e\uff1a\u53d6\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a0\u52303\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n>>> my_friends[0:4] \n['tony', 'jason', 'tom', 4]\n# 2.2 \u6b65\u957f\uff1a0:4:2,\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u65702\u4ee3\u8868\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a2\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53d6\u51fa\u7d22\u5f150\u30012\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n>>> my_friends[0:4:2]  \n['tony', 'tom']\n\n# 3.\u957f\u5ea6\n>>> len(my_friends)\n5\n\n# 4.\u6210\u5458\u8fd0\u7b97in\u548cnot in\n>>> 'tony' in my_friends\nTrue\n>>> 'xxx' not in my_friends\nTrue\n\n# 5.\u6dfb\u52a0\n# 5.1 append()\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u8ffd\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\n>>> l1 = ['a','b','c']\n>>> l1.append('d')\n>>> l1\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n\n# 5.2 extend()\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5728\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n>>> l1.extend(['a','b','c'])\n>>> l1\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'b', 'c']\n\n# 5.3 insert()\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\n>>> l1.insert(0,"first")  # 0\u8868\u793a\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u503c\n>>> l1\n['first', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'alisa', 'a', 'b', 'c']\n\n# 6.\u5220\u9664\n# 6.1 del\n>>> l = [11,22,33,44]\n>>> del l[2]  # \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a2\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n>>> l\n[11,22,44]\n\n# 6.2 pop()\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5220\u9664\u5217\u8868\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u7684\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n>>> l = [11,22,33,22,44]\n>>> res=l.pop()\n>>> res\n44\n>>> res=l.pop(1)\n>>> res\n22\n\n# 6.3 remove()\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5220\u9664\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n>>> l = [11,22,33,22,44]\n>>> res=l.remove(22) # \u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n>>> print(res)\nNone\n\n# 7.reverse()\u98a0\u5012\u5217\u8868\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\n>>> l = [11,22,33,44]\n>>> l.reverse() \n>>> l\n[44,33,22,11]\n\n# 8.sort()\u7ed9\u5217\u8868\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6392\u5e8f\n# 8.1 \u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6df7\u642d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u62a5\u9519\n>>> l = [11,22,3,42,7,55]\n>>> l.sort()\n>>> l \n[3, 7, 11, 22, 42, 55]  # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\n>>> l = [11,22,3,42,7,55]\n>>> l.sort(reverse=True)  # reverse\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8dcc\u5012\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aFalse\n>>> l \n[55, 42, 22, 11, 7, 3]\n# 8.2 \u4e86\u89e3\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\n# \u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u540c\uff1a\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u51fa\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u9700\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\n>>> l1=[1,2,3]\n>>> l2=[2,]\n>>> l2 > l1\nTrue\n# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728ASCII\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f80\u540e\u8d8a\u5927\n>>> s1='abc'\n>>> s2='az'\n>>> s2 > s1 # s1\u4e0es2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u51fa\u80dc\u8d1f\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26'z'>'b',\u6240\u4ee5s2>s1\u6210\u7acb\nTrue\n# \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\n>>> l = ['A','z','adjk','hello','hea']\n>>> l.sort()\n>>> l\n['A', 'adjk', 'hea', 'hello','z']\n\n# 9.\u5faa\u73af\n# \u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386my_friends\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u503c\nfor line in my_friends:\n    print(line) \n'tony'\n'jack'\n'jason'\n4\n5<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.3.2 \u4e86\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
>>> l=[1,2,3,4,5,6]\n>>> l[0:3:1] \n[1, 2, 3]  # \u6b63\u5411\u6b65\u957f\n>>> l[2::-1] \n[3, 2, 1]  # \u53cd\u5411\u6b65\u957f\n\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u53d6\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u7ffb\u8f6c\n>>> l[::-1]\n[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e94 \u5143\u7ec4<\/h1>\n
5.1 \u4f5c\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u5143\u7ec4\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5373\u5143\u7ec4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u591a\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
5.2 \u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
# \u5728()\u5185\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\n>>> countries = ("\u4e2d\u56fd"\uff0c"\u7f8e\u56fd"\uff0c"\u82f1\u56fd")  # \u672c\u8d28:countries = tuple("\u4e2d\u56fd"\uff0c"\u7f8e\u56fd"\uff0c"\u82f1\u56fd")\n# \u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9017\u53f7\uff0c\u5426\u5219()\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u800c\u975e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5143\u7ec4\n>>> countries = ("\u4e2d\u56fd"\uff0c)  # \u672c\u8d28:countries = tuple("\u4e2d\u56fd")<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.3 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# \u4f46\u51e1\u80fd\u88abfor\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u7ed9tuple()\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5143\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\n>>> tuple('wdad') # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a('w', 'd', 'a', 'd') \n>>> tuple([1,2,3]) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a(1, 2, 3)\n>>> tuple({"name":"jason","age":18}) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a('name', 'age')\n>>> tuple((1,2,3)) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a(1, 2, 3)\n>>> tuple({1,2,3,4}) # \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a(1, 2, 3, 4)\n# tuple()\u4f1a\u8ddffor\u5faa\u73af\u4e00\u6837\u904d\u5386\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7136\u540e\u653e\u5230\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.4 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
>>> tuple1 = (1, 'hhaha', 15000.00, 11, 22, 33) \n# 1\u3001\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u53d6\u503c(\u6b63\u5411\u53d6+\u53cd\u5411\u53d6)\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u5426\u5219\u62a5\u9519\uff01  \n>>> tuple1[0]\n1\n>>> tuple1[-2]\n22\n>>> tuple1[0] = 'hehe'  # \u62a5\u9519\uff1aTypeError:\n\n# 2\u3001\u5207\u7247(\u987e\u5934\u4e0d\u987e\u5c3e\uff0c\u6b65\u957f)\n>>> tuple1[0:6:2] \n(1, 15000.0, 22)\n\n# 3\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\n>>> len(tuple1)  \n6\n\n# 4\u3001\u6210\u5458\u8fd0\u7b97 in \u548c not in\n>>> 'hhaha' in tuple1 \nTrue\n>>> 'hhaha' not in tuple1  \nFalse \n\n# 5\u3001\u5faa\u73af\n>>> for line in tuple1:\n...     print(line)\n1\nhhaha\n15000.0\n11\n22\n33<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u516d \u5b57\u5178<\/h1>\n
6.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
# \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5728{}\u5185\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662fkey:value\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dvalue\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800ckey\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u516b\u5c0f\u8282\uff0c\u901a\u5e38key\u5e94\u8be5\u662fstr\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3astr\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u5bf9value\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u529f\u80fd\ninfo={'name':'tony','age':18,'sex':'male'} #\u672c\u8d28info=dict({....})\n# \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u5178\ninfo=dict(name='tony',age=18,sex='male') # info={'age': 18, 'sex': 'male', 'name': 'tony'}<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.2 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# \u8f6c\u63621: \n>>> info=dict([['name','tony'],('age',18)])\n>>> info\n{'age': 18, 'name': 'tony'}\n\n# \u8f6c\u63622\uff1afromkeys\u4f1a\u4ece\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u5f53\u505akey\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0eNone\u7ec4\u6210key:value\u653e\u5230\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\n>>> {}.fromkeys(('name','age','sex'),None)  \n{'age': None, 'sex': None, 'name': None}<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.3 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
6.3.1 \u4f18\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
# 1\u3001\u6309key\u5b58\u53d6\u503c\uff1a\u53ef\u5b58\u53ef\u53d6\n# 1.1 \u53d6\n>>> dic = {\n...     'name': 'xxx',\n...     'age': 18,\n...     'hobbies': ['play game', 'basketball']\n... }\n>>> dic['name']\n'xxx'\n>>> dic['hobbies'][1]\n'basketball'\n# 1.2 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679ckey\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u65b0\u589ekey:value\n>>> dic['gender'] = 'male'  \n>>> dic\n{'name': 'tony', 'age': 18, 'hobbies': ['play game', 'basketball'],'gender':'male'}\n# 1.3 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679ckey\u539f\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u5e94value\u7684\u503c\n>>> dic['name'] = 'tony'\n>>> dic\n{'name': 'tony', 'age': 18, 'hobbies': ['play game', 'basketball']}\n\n# 2\u3001\u957f\u5ea6len\n>>> len(dic) \n3\n\n# 3\u3001\u6210\u5458\u8fd0\u7b97in\u548cnot in\n>>> 'name' in dic  # \u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u7684key\nTrue\n\n# 4\u3001\u5220\u9664\n>>> dic.pop('name')  # \u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u5178\u7684key\u6765\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n>>> dic\n{'age': 18, 'hobbies': ['play game', 'basketball']}\n\n# 5\u3001\u952ekeys()\uff0c\u503cvalues()\uff0c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9items()\n>>> dic = {'age': 18, 'hobbies': ['play game', 'basketball'], 'name': 'xxx'}\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u7684key\n>>> dic.keys()  \ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'hobbies'])\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u7684value\n>>> dic.values()\ndict_values(['xxx', 18, ['play game', 'basketball']])\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u6240\u6709\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n>>> dic.items()\ndict_items([('name', 'xxx'), ('age', 18), ('hobbies', ['play game', 'basketball'])])\n\n# 6\u3001\u5faa\u73af\n# 6.1 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u904d\u5386\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u7684key\n>>> for key in dic:\n...     print(key)\n... \nage\nhobbies\nname\n# 6.2 \u53ea\u904d\u5386key\n>>> for key in dic.keys():\n...     print(key)\n... \nage\nhobbies\nname\n# 6.3 \u53ea\u904d\u5386value\n>>> for key in dic.values():\n...     print(key)\n... \n18\n['play game', 'basketball']\nxxx\n# 6.4 \u904d\u5386key\u4e0evalue\n>>> for key in dic.items():\n...     print(key)\n... \n('age', 18)\n('hobbies', ['play game', 'basketball'])\n('name', 'xxx')<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.3.2 \u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
1.get()<\/strong> <\/p>\n
>>> dic= {'k1':'jason','k2':'Tony','k3':'JY'}\n>>> dic.get('k1')\n'jason'  # key\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u53d6key\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684value\u503c\n>>> res=dic.get('xxx') # key\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u800c\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56deNone\n>>> print(res)\nNone  \n>>> res=dic.get('xxx',666) # key\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\n>>> print(res)\n666 \n# ps:\u5b57\u5178\u53d6\u503c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528get\u65b9\u6cd5<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.pop()<\/strong> <\/p>\n
>>> dic= {'k1':'jason','k2':'Tony','k3':'JY'}\n>>> v = dic.pop('k2')  # \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684key\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9,\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n>>> dic\n{'k1': 'jason', 'kk2': 'JY'}\n>>> v\n'Tony'<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.popitem()<\/strong> <\/p>\n
>>> dic= {'k1':'jason','k2':'Tony','k3':'JY'}\n>>> item = dic.popitem()  # \u968f\u673a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u7ec4\u952e\u503c\u5bf9,\u5e76\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u7684\u952e\u503c\u653e\u5230\u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u8fd4\u56de\n>>> dic\n{'k3': 'JY', 'k2': 'Tony'}\n>>> item\n('k1', 'jason')<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.update()<\/strong> <\/p>\n
# \u7528\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u65b0\u65e7\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6709\u5219\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u65e0\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\n>>> dic= {'k1':'jason','k2':'Tony','k3':'JY'}\n>>> dic.update({'k1':'JN','k4':'xxx'})\n>>> dic\n{'k1': 'JN', 'k3': 'JY', 'k2': 'Tony', 'k4': 'xxx'}<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.fromkeys()<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> dic = dict.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],[])\n>>> dic\n{'k1': [], 'k2': [], 'k3': []}<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.setdefault()<\/strong><\/p>\n
# key\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u65b0\u589e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u7684value\u8fd4\u56de\n>>> dic={'k1':111,'k2':222}\n>>> res=dic.setdefault('k3',333)\n>>> res\n333\n>>> dic # \u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n{'k1': 111, 'k3': 333, 'k2': 222}\n\n# key\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5df2\u5b58\u5728key\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684value\u503c\n>>> dic={'k1':111,'k2':222}\n>>> res=dic.setdefault('k1',666)\n>>> res\n111\n>>> dic # \u5b57\u5178\u4e0d\u53d8\n{'k1': 111, 'k2': 222}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e03 \u96c6\u5408<\/h1>\n
7.1 \u4f5c\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u3001list\u3001tuple\u3001dict\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
7.2 \u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n
"""\n\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5728{}\u5185\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\n     1\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n     2\uff1a\u96c6\u5408\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n     3\uff1a\u96c6\u5408\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u65e0\u5e8f\n"""\ns = {1,2,3,4}  # \u672c\u8d28 s = set({1,2,3,4})\n\n# \u6ce8\u610f1\uff1a\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u503c\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u662fkey\u5bf9\u5e94\u503c\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709key\u4e0e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u91cd\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u51fa\u5355\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u3002\n\n# \u6ce8\u610f2:{}\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49dict\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u662fkey:value\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u53bb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u8005?\nd = {} # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178 \ns = set() # \u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a7a\u96c6\u5408<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.3 \u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n
# \u4f46\u51e1\u80fd\u88abfor\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u7ed9set()\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\n>>> s = set([1,2,3,4])\n>>> s1 = set((1,2,3,4))\n>>> s2 = set({'name':'jason',})\n>>> s3 = set('egon')\n>>> s,s1,s2,s3\n{1, 2, 3, 4} {1, 2, 3, 4} {'name'} {'e', 'o', 'g', 'n'}<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.4 \u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
7.4.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408friends\u4e0efriends2\u6765\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u653e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bb2\u89e3\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n
>>> friends1 = {"zero","kevin","jason","egon"} # \u7528\u62371\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u4eec \n>>> friends2 = {"Jy","ricky","jason","egon"}   # \u7528\u62372\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u4eec<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\n# 1.\u5408\u96c6\/\u5e76\u96c6(|)\uff1a\u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6709\u7684\u597d\u53cb\uff08\u91cd\u590d\u597d\u53cb\u53ea\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\n>>> friends1 | friends2\n{'kevin', 'ricky', 'zero', 'jason', 'Jy', 'egon'}\n\n# 2.\u4ea4\u96c6(&)\uff1a\u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5171\u540c\u597d\u53cb\n>>> friends1 & friends2\n{'jason', 'egon'}\n\n# 3.\u5dee\u96c6(-)\uff1a\n>>> friends1 - friends2 # \u6c42\u7528\u62371\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u597d\u53cb\n{'kevin', 'zero'}\n>>> friends2 - friends1 # \u6c42\u7528\u62372\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u597d\u53cb\n{'ricky', 'Jy'}\n\n# 4.\u5bf9\u79f0\u5dee\u96c6(^) # \u6c42\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u4eec\uff08\u5373\u53bb\u6389\u5171\u6709\u7684\u597d\u53cb\uff09\n>>> friends1 ^ friends2\n{'kevin', 'zero', 'ricky', 'Jy'}\n\n# 5.\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49(==)\n>>> friends1 == friends2\nFalse\n\n# 6.\u7236\u96c6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\n# 6.1 \u5305\u542b\u5219\u8fd4\u56deTrue\n>>> {1,2,3} > {1,2}\nTrue\n>>> {1,2,3} >= {1,2}\nTrue\n# 6.2 \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56deFalse\n>>> {1,2,3} > {1,3,4,5}\nFalse\n>>> {1,2,3} >= {1,3,4,5}\nFalse\n\n# 7.\u5b50\u96c6\n>>> {1,2} < {1,2,3}\nTrue\n>>> {1,2} <= {1,2,3}\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.4.2 \u53bb\u91cd<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/p>\n
# 1. \u53ea\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\n# 2. \u96c6\u5408\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u53bb\u91cd\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
>>> l=['a','b',1,'a','a']\n>>> s=set(l)\n>>> s # \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6210\u4e86\u96c6\u5408\n{'b', 'a', 1}\n>>> l_new=list(s) # \u518d\u5c06\u96c6\u5408\u8f6c\u56de\u5217\u8868\n>>> l_new\n['b', 'a', 1] # \u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6253\u4e71\u4e86\u987a\u5e8f\n\n# \u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\nl=[\n    {'name':'lili','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'jack','age':73,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'tom','age':20,'sex':'female'},\n    {'name':'lili','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'lili','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n]\n\nnew_l=[]\n\nfor dic in l:\n    if dic not in new_l:\n        new_l.append(dic)\n\nprint(new_l)\n# \u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u65e2\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u53c8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53bb\u91cd\n[\n    {'age': 18, 'sex': 'male', 'name': 'lili'}, \n    {'age': 73, 'sex': 'male', 'name': 'jack'}, \n    {'age': 20, 'sex': 'female', 'name': 'tom'}\n]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.4.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
# 1.\u957f\u5ea6\n>>> s={'a','b','c'}\n>>> len(s)\n3\n\n# 2.\u6210\u5458\u8fd0\u7b97\n>>> 'c' in s\nTrue\n\n# 3.\u5faa\u73af\n>>> for item in s:\n...     print(item)\n... \nc\na\nb<\/code><\/pre>\n
7.5 \u7ec3\u4e60<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
"""\n\u4e00.\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\n\u3000\u3000\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0cpythons\u662f\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\uff0clinuxs\u662f\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n\u3000\u3000pythons={'jason','egon','kevin','ricky','gangdan','biubiu'}\n\u3000\u3000linuxs={'kermit','tony','gangdan'}\n\u3000\u30001. \u6c42\u51fa\u5373\u62a5\u540dpython\u53c8\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n\u3000\u30002. \u6c42\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n\u3000\u30003. \u6c42\u51fa\u53ea\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\n\u3000\u30004. \u6c42\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n"""\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u5373\u62a5\u540dpython\u53c8\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n>>> pythons & linuxs\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n>>> pythons | linuxs\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u53ea\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\n>>> pythons - linuxs\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n>>> pythons ^ linuxs<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u516b \u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/h1>\n
\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u503c\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5373id\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u503c<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong>\u503c\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373id\u4e5f\u53d8\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u503c\uff0c\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n
\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b:<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> x = 10\n>>> id(x)\n1830448896 \n>>> x = 20\n>>> id(x)\n1830448928\n# \u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6574\u578b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> x = "Jy"\n>>> id(x)\n938809263920 \n>>> x = "Ricky"\n>>> id(x)\n938809264088\n# \u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> list1 = ['tom','jack','egon']\n>>> id(list1)\n486316639176\n>>> list1[2] = 'kevin'\n>>> id(list1)\n486316639176\n>>> list1.append('lili')\n>>> id(list1)\n486316639176\n# \u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u503c\u6539\u53d8\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5143\u7ec4<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> t1 = ("tom","jack",[1,2])\n>>> t1[0]='TOM' # \u62a5\u9519\uff1aTypeError\n>>> t1.append('lili') # \u62a5\u9519\uff1aTypeError\n# \u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5143\u7ec4\u5185\u7d22\u5f15\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\n>>> t1 = ("tom","jack",[1,2])\n>>> id(t1[0]),id(t1[1]),id(t1[2])\n(4327403152, 4327403072, 4327422472)\n>>> t1[2][0]=111 # \u5982\u679c\u5143\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\n>>> t1\n('tom', 'jack', [111, 2])\n>>> id(t1[0]),id(t1[1]),id(t1[2]) # \u67e5\u770bid\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53d8\n(4327403152, 4327403072, 4327422472)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/p>\n
>>> dic = {'name':'egon','sex':'male','age':18}\n>>> \n>>> id(dic)\n4327423112\n>>> dic['age']=19\n>>> dic\n{'age': 19, 'sex': 'male', 'name': 'egon'}\n>>> id(dic)\n4327423112\n# \u5bf9\u5b57\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u503c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u7684id\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u5b57\u5178\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e5d \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u603b\u7ed3<\/h1>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5341 \u4f5c\u4e1a<\/h1>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98981\uff1a<\/h4>\n
name = " alegonxX"\n# 1)    \u79fb\u9664 name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u7a7a\u683c,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\n# 2)    \u5224\u65ad name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4ee5 "al" \u5f00\u5934,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n# 3)    \u5224\u65ad name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4ee5 "X" \u7ed3\u5c3e,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n# 4)    \u5c06 name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\u7684 \u201cl\u201d \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \u201cp\u201d,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n# 5)    \u5c06 name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u6839\u636e \u201cl\u201d \u5206\u5272,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n# 6)    \u5c06 name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u53d8\u5927\u5199,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n# 7)    \u5c06 name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u53d8\u5c0f\u5199,\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n# 8)    \u8bf7\u8f93\u51fa name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26?\n# 9)    \u8bf7\u8f93\u51fa name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u7684\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26?\n# 10)    \u8bf7\u8f93\u51fa name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u7684\u540e 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26?\n# 11)    \u8bf7\u8f93\u51fa name \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u4e2d \u201ce\u201d \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u4f4d\u7f6e?\n# 12)    \u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217,\u53bb\u6389\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982: egonlin \u5219\u83b7\u53d6egonli\n\n# \u7b54\u6848\nname=' alegonxX'\n\n1) print(name.strip())\n2) print(name.startswith('al'))\n3) print(name.endswith('X'))\n4) print(name.replace('l','p'))\n5) print(name.split('l'))\n6) print(name.upper())\n7) print(name.lower())\n8) print(name[1])\n9) print(name[0:3])\n10) print(name[-1:-3:-1])\n11) print(name.find('e'))\n12) name='egonlin'\nprint(name[:-1])<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98982\uff1a<\/h4>\n
# \u7b80\u5355\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66,\u8981\u6c42\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n# \u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u5370\u5546\u54c1\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u540d\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e2a\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u8d2d\u7269\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6cd5\u8f93\u5165\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u3000\u3000\n\nmsg_dic = {\n    'apple': 10,\n    'tesla': 100000,\n    'mac': 3000,\n    'lenovo': 30000,\n    'chicken': 10,\n}\n\n# \u7b54\u6848\nmsg_dic={\n'apple':10,\n'tesla':100000,\n'mac':3000,\n'lenovo':30000,\n'chicken':10,\n}\ngoods_l=[]\nwhile True:\n    for key,item in msg_dic.items():\n        print('name:{name} price:{price}'.format(price=item,name=key))\n    choice=input('\u5546\u54c1>>: ').strip()\n    if not choice or choice not in msg_dic:continue\n    count=input('\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e2a\u6570>>: ').strip()\n    if not count.isdigit():continue\n    goods_l.append((choice,msg_dic[choice],count))\n\n    print(goods_l)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98983\uff1a<\/h4>\n
\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u503c\u96c6\u5408 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u4e8e 66 \u7684\u503c\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2akey\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5c0f\u4e8e 66 \u7684\u503c\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2akey\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\n\n\u5373\uff1a {'k1': \u5927\u4e8e66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c, 'k2': \u5c0f\u4e8e66\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c}\n\n#\u7b54\u6848\na={'k1':[],'k2':[]}\nc=[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90]\nfor i in c:\n    if i>66:\n        a['k1'].append(i)\n    else:\n        a['k2'].append(i)\nprint(a)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98984\uff1a<\/h4>\n
\u7edf\u8ba1s="hello egon egon say hello xxx xxx"\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u5982\uff1a{"hello":2,"egon":2,"say":1,"xxx":2}\n\n#\u7b54\u6848\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\ns="hello egon egon say hello xxx xxx"\ndic={}\nwords=s.split()\nprint(words)\nfor word in words: #word='egon'\n    dic[word]=s.count(word)\n    print(dic)\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\u5229\u7528setdefault\u89e3\u51b3\u91cd\u590d\u8d4b\u503c\ns="hello egon egon say hello xxx xxx"\ndic={}\nwords=s.split()\nfor word in words: #word='egon'\n    dic.setdefault(word,s.count(word))\n    print(dic)\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\ns="hello egon egon say hello xxx xxx"\ndic={}\nwords=s.split()\nwords_set=set(words)\nfor word in words_set:\n    dic[word]=s.count(word)\n    print(dic)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98985\uff1a<\/h4>\n
\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\n  \u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0cpythons\u662f\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\uff0clinuxs\u662f\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n  pythons={'xiaohua','egon','mimi','gangdan','biubiu'}\n  linuxs={'mimi','xiaohei','gangdan'}\n  1. \u6c42\u51fa\u5373\u62a5\u540dpython\u53c8\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n  2. \u6c42\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n  3. \u6c42\u51fa\u53ea\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\n  4. \u6c42\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\n\n#\u7b54\u6848\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u5373\u62a5\u540dpython\u53c8\u62a5\u540dlinux\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\nprint(pythons & linuxs)\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u540d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\nprint(pythons | linuxs)\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u53ea\u62a5\u540dpython\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\nprint(pythons - linuxs)\n# \u6c42\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u5458\u540d\u5b57\u96c6\u5408\nprint(pythons ^ linuxs)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ec3\u4e60\u98986\uff1a<\/h4>\n
\u53bb\u91cd\n\n\u3000\u3000 1. \u6709\u5217\u8868l=['a','b',1,'a','a']\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u4e3a\u53efhash\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53bb\u91cd\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u5217\u8868,\u4e14\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u65e0\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u5217\u8868\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\n\n\u3000\u3000 2.\u5728\u4e0a\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5217\u8868\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\n\n\u3000\u3000 3.\u53bb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\n\u3000\u3000 4.\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53efhash\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53bb\u91cd\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e14\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5217\u8868\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\n\nl=[\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'alex','age':73,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':20,'sex':'female'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n]\u3000\n\n#\u7b54\u6848\n#\u53bb\u91cd,\u65e0\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\nl=['a','b',1,'a','a']\nprint(set(l))\n\n#\u53bb\u91cd,\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6765\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\n#\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00:\u4e0d\u7528\u96c6\u5408\nl=[1,'a','b',1,'a']\n\nl1=[]\nfor i in l:\n    if i not in l1:\n        l1.append(i)\nprint(l1)\n#\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c:\u501f\u52a9\u96c6\u5408\nl1=[]\ns=set()\nfor i in l:\n    if i not in s:\n        s.add(i)\n        l1.append(i)\n\nprint(l1)\n\n#\u540c\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c,\u53bb\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c\nimport os\nwith open('db.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as read_f,\\\n        open('.db.txt.swap','w',encoding='utf-8') as write_f:\n    s=set()\n    for line in read_f:\n        if line not in s:\n            s.add(line)\n            write_f.write(line)\nos.remove('db.txt')\nos.rename('.db.txt.swap','db.txt')\n\n#\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6,\u53bb\u91cd,\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6765\u987a\u5e8f\nl=[\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'alex','age':73,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':20,'sex':'female'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n    {'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},\n]\n# print(set(l)) #\u62a5\u9519:unhashable type: 'dict'\ns=set()\nl1=[]\nfor item in l:\n    val=(item['name'],item['age'],item['sex'])\n    if val not in s:\n        s.add(val)\n        l1.append(item)\n\nprint(l1)\n\n#\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570,\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5hash\u7c7b\u578b\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53efhash\u7c7b\u578b\ndef func(items,key=None):\n    s=set()\n    for item in items:\n        val=item if key is None else key(item)\n        if val not in s:\n            s.add(val)\n            yield item\n\nprint(list(func(l,key=lambda dic:(dic['name'],dic['age'],dic['sex']))))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00 \u5f15\u5b50 \u200b \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8b\u7269\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684(\u5982:\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff08\u64cd\u4f5cint\u7c7b\u578b\uff09  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,324],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4017"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4017"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4017\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}