![\"\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u95ed\u53051.jpg\")
<\/div><\/p>\n\u4e00 \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h1>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u2019\u6570\u636e\u2019\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe26.jpg\")
<\/div><\/p>\n1.1 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f15\u7528<\/h2>\n>>> def add(x,y):\n... return x+y\n... \n>>> func=add\n>>> func(1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/h2>\n>>> dic={'add':add,'max':max}\n>>> dic\n{'add': <function add at 0x100661e18>, 'max': <built-in function max>}\n>>> dic['add'](1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n>>> def foo(x,y,func):\n... return func(x,y)\n...\n>>> foo(1,2,add)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4 \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n>>> def bar():\n... return add\n...\n>>> func=bar()\n>>> func(1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\")
<\/div><\/p>\n\u4e8c \u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570<\/h1>\n2.1 \u95ed\u4e0e\u5305<\/h2>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53bb\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
x=1\n\ndef f1():\n def f2():\n print(x)\n\n return f2\n\ndef f3():\n x=3\n f2=f1() #\u8c03\u7528f1()\u8fd4\u56de\u51fd\u6570f2\n f2() #\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\n\nf3() #\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a1<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u82e5\u5185\u5d4c\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u2019\u5185\u5d4c\u51fd\u6570\u2019\u5c31\u662f\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u95ed\u5305(Closures)<\/p>\n
x=1\ndef outer():\n x=2\n def inner():\n print(x)\n return inner\n\nfunc=outer()\nfunc() # \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u7684closure<\/strong>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n>>> func.__closure__\n(<cell at 0x10212af78: int object at 0x10028cca0>,)\n>>> func.__closure__[0].cell_contents\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n\u201c\u95ed\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5305\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u2019\u5305\u88f9\u2019\u7740\u5bf9\u5916\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u8c03\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u5176\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n2.2 \u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/h2>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4f20\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u503c\u4ee5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u503c\u5305\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
import requests\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\ndef get(url):\n return requests.get(url).text\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\ndef page(url):\n def get():\n return requests.get(url).text\n return get<\/code><\/pre>\n\u63d0\u793a\uff1arequests\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5c06\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\uff1apip3 install requests<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u4f20\u5165url\uff0c\u800c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u4e00\u6b21\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9aurl\u7684\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u4f20url<\/p>\n
# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\n\u2026\u2026\n\n# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\npython=page('https:\/\/www.python.org')\npython()\npython()\npython()\n\u2026\u2026<\/code><\/pre>\n\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u6709\u65f6\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5c06\u503c\u5305\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c06\u5927\u6709\u7528\u5904<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e00 \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61 \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u2019\u6570\u636e\u2019\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b 1.1 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
>>> def add(x,y):\n... return x+y\n... \n>>> func=add\n>>> func(1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.2 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/h2>\n>>> dic={'add':add,'max':max}\n>>> dic\n{'add': <function add at 0x100661e18>, 'max': <built-in function max>}\n>>> dic['add'](1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.3 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n>>> def foo(x,y,func):\n... return func(x,y)\n...\n>>> foo(1,2,add)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n1.4 \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n>>> def bar():\n... return add\n...\n>>> func=bar()\n>>> func(1,2)\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u4e8c \u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570<\/h1>\n2.1 \u95ed\u4e0e\u5305<\/h2>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53bb\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
x=1\n\ndef f1():\n def f2():\n print(x)\n\n return f2\n\ndef f3():\n x=3\n f2=f1() #\u8c03\u7528f1()\u8fd4\u56de\u51fd\u6570f2\n f2() #\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\n\nf3() #\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a1<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u82e5\u5185\u5d4c\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff09\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u2019\u5185\u5d4c\u51fd\u6570\u2019\u5c31\u662f\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u95ed\u5305(Closures)<\/p>\n
x=1\ndef outer():\n x=2\n def inner():\n print(x)\n return inner\n\nfunc=outer()\nfunc() # \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u7684closure<\/strong>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n>>> func.__closure__\n(<cell at 0x10212af78: int object at 0x10028cca0>,)\n>>> func.__closure__[0].cell_contents\n2<\/code><\/pre>\n\u201c\u95ed\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5305\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u2019\u5305\u88f9\u2019\u7740\u5bf9\u5916\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u8c03\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u5176\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n2.2 \u95ed\u5305\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/h2>\n
\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4f20\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u503c\u4ee5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u503c\u5305\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
import requests\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\ndef get(url):\n return requests.get(url).text\n\n#\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\ndef page(url):\n def get():\n return requests.get(url).text\n return get<\/code><\/pre>\n\u63d0\u793a\uff1arequests\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5c06\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\uff1apip3 install requests<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u4f20\u5165url\uff0c\u800c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u4e00\u6b21\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9aurl\u7684\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u4f20url<\/p>\n
# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\nget('https:\/\/www.python.org')\n\u2026\u2026\n\n# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\npython=page('https:\/\/www.python.org')\npython()\npython()\npython()\n\u2026\u2026<\/code><\/pre>\n\u95ed\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u6709\u65f6\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5c06\u503c\u5305\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c06\u5927\u6709\u7528\u5904<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e00 \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61 \u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u2019\u6570\u636e\u2019\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b 1.1 \u51fd\u6570\u53ef […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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