{"id":4155,"date":"2022-03-19T21:40:08","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T13:40:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4155"},"modified":"2022-04-11T18:51:26","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T10:51:26","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%90%8d%e7%a7%b0%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e4%b8%8e%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e5%9f%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4155","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u57df"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h1>\n

\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5373\u5b58\u653e\u540d\u5b57\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6620\u5c04\/\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8ex=3\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u653e\u5bf9\u8c613\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u540d\u5b57x\u4e0e3\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0cdel x\u8868\u793a\u6e05\u9664\u8be5\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u200b \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6700\u591a\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e09\u79cd\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

1.1 \u5185\u5efa\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n

\u4f34\u968fpython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u542f\u52a8\/\u5173\u95ed\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\/\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u540d<\/p>\n

>>> max\n<built-in function max> #built-in\u5185\u5efa<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
1.2 \u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n
\u4f34\u968fpython\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\/\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\/\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57<\/p>\n
import sys #\u6a21\u5757\u540dsys\n\nx=1 #\u53d8\u91cf\u540dx\n\nif x == 1:\n    y=2 #\u53d8\u91cf\u540dy\n\ndef foo(x): #\u51fd\u6570\u540dfoo\n    y=1\n    def bar():\n        pass\n\nClass Bar: #\u7c7b\u540dBar\n    pass    <\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
1.3 \u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n
\u4f34\u968f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\/\u7ed3\u675f\u800c\u4e34\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\/\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d<\/p>\n
def foo(x):\n    y=3 #\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u540d\u5b57x\u548cy\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a\u5185\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4->\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4->\u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u4e00\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4->\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4->\u5185\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e8c \u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h1>\n
2.1 \u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h2>\n
\u6309\u7167\u540d\u5b57\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e09\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df:\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5efa\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5168\u5c40\u5b58\u6d3b\uff08\u9664\u975e\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u6d3b\uff09\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u6709\u6548\uff08\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df:\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8be5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u6d3b\uff08\u5373\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5c31\u91ca\u653e\uff09\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6709\u6548\uff08\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    2.2 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0e\u540d\u5b57\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h2>\n
    \u200b    \u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5c40\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u518d\u53bb\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u518d\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n
    x=100 #\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57x\ndef foo():\n    x=300 #\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57x\n    print(x) #\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u627ex\nfoo()#\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a300<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fbf\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u518d\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u7f6e\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n
    x=100\ndef foo():\n    x=300 #\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57x\nfoo()\nprint(x) #\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u627ex,\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a100<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570locals()\u548cglobals()\u6765\u5206\u522b\u67e5\u770b\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u7684locals()\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7b49\u4e8eglobals()<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    Python\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5d4c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u5c40\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u67e5\u627e\u5916\u90e8\u5d4c\u5957\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/p>\n
    x=1\ndef outer():\n    x=2\n    def inner(): # \u51fd\u6570\u540dinner\u5c5e\u4e8eouter\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57\n        x=3\n        print('inner x:%s' %x)\n\n    inner()\n    print('outer x:%s' %x)\n\nouter() \n#\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\ninner x:3\nouter x:2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5d4c\u5957\u591a\u5c11\u5c42\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u503c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230global\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/p>\n
    x=1\ndef foo():\n    global x #\u58f0\u660ex\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\n    x=2\nfoo()\nprint(x) #\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5f53\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u5bf9\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u5e94\u5230\u539f\u503c\uff0c<\/p>\n
    num_list=[1,2,3]\ndef foo(nums):\n    nums.append(5)\n\nfoo(num_list)\nprint(num_list)\n#\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\n[1, 2, 3, 5]<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528nonlocal\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u5d4c\u5957\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u975e\u5168\u5c40\uff09<\/p>\n
    def  f1():\n    x=2\n    def f2():\n        nonlocal x\n        x=3\n    f2() #\u8c03\u7528f2(),\u4fee\u6539f1\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u540d\u5b57x\u7684\u503c\n    print(x) #\u5728f1\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u67e5\u770bx\n\nf1()\n\n#\u7ed3\u679c\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n
    nonlocal x\u4f1a\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5916\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u5b57x\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u4e00 \u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4 \u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5373\u5b58\u653e\u540d\u5b57\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6620\u5c04\/\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8ex=3\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u653e\u5bf9\u8c613\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4155"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4155"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4155\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}