{"id":4164,"date":"2022-03-19T21:44:24","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T13:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4164"},"modified":"2022-09-20T16:58:23","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T08:58:23","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4164","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u5f62\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u53c2\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5f62\u53c2\u548c\u5b9e\u53c2\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f62\u53c2\u5373\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5f62\u53c2\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u5916\u90e8\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u53c2\u5373\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408:<\/p>\n

#1\uff1a\u5b9e\u53c2\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\nres=my_min(1,2)\n\n#2\uff1a\u5b9e\u53c2\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\na=1\nb=2\nres=my_min(a,b)\n\n#3\uff1a\u5b9e\u53c2\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\nres=my_min(10*2,10*my_min(3,4))\n\n#4\uff1a\u5b9e\u53c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\na=2\nmy_min(1,a,10*my_min(3,4))<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u6709\u53c2\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\uff08\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5f62\u53c2\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u503c\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\u53ea\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u89e3\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e8c \u5f62\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528<\/h1>\n
2.1 \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n
\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5373\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f62\u53c2,\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f62\u53c2\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u4f20\u503c<\/p>\n
    >>> def register(name,age,sex): #\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f62\u53c2\uff1aname\uff0cage\uff0csex\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u4f20\u503c\n...     print('Name:%s Age:%s Sex:%s' %(name,age,sex))\n... \n>>> register() #TypeError\uff1a\u7f3a\u5c113\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u53c2\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u53c2\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5f62\u53c2\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94<\/p>\n
    >>> register('lili',18,'male') #\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\uff1aname=\u2019lili\u2019,age=18,sex=\u2019male\u2019\nName:lili Age:18 Sex:male<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    2.2 \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fkey=value\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u80fd\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u8d4b\u503c<\/p>\n
    >>> register(sex='male',name='lili',age=18)\nName:lili Age:18 Sex:male<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u6309\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u91cd\u590d\u8d4b\u503c<\/p>\n
    >>> register('lili',sex='male',age=18) #\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\n>>> register(name='lili',18,sex='male') #SyntaxError\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570name=\u2018lili\u2019\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u657018\u4e4b\u524d\n>>> register('lili',sex='male',age=18,name='jack') #TypeError\uff1a\u5f62\u53c2name\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u8d4b\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    2.3 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u5f62\u53c2\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f62\u53c2\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u503c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u503c\u6539\u53d8\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u518c\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u90fd\u4e3a\u7537\uff0c\u90a3\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f62\u53c2sex\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
    >>> def register(name,age,sex='male'): #\u9ed8\u8ba4sex\u7684\u503c\u4e3amale\n...     print('Name:%s Age:%s Sex:%s' %(name,age,sex))\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570sex\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5bf9sex\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/p>\n
    >>> register('tom',17) #\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5,\u65e0\u9700\u4e3asex\u4f20\u503c,\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3amale\nName:tom Age:17 Sex:male\n>>> register('Lili',18,'female') #\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3asex\u4f20\u503cfemale\nName:Lili Age:18 Sex:female<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u540e<\/li>\n
    2. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u4ec5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      >>> x=1\n>>> def foo(arg=x):\n...     print(arg)\n... \n>>> x=5 #\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5arg\u5df2\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570arg\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\n>>> foo()\n1<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(n,arg=[]):\n...     arg.append(n)\n...     return arg\n... \n>>> foo(1)\n[1]\n>>> foo(2)\n[1, 2]\n>>> foo(3)\n[1, 2, 3]<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u8868\u589e\u52a0\u503c\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(n,arg=None):\n...     if arg is None:\n...         arg=[]\n...     arg.append(n)\n...     return arg\n... \n>>> foo(1)\n[1]\n>>> foo(2)\n[2]\n>>> foo(3)\n[3]<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        2.4 \u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08*\u4e0e**\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff09<\/h2>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u6309\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u53c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
        2.4.1 \u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53f7,\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u53c2\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab<\/em>\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u5f62\u53c2<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,y,z=1,*args): #\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u540dargs\u524d\u52a0*\u53f7\n...     print(x)\n...     print(y)\n...     print(z)\n...     print(args)\n... \n>>> foo(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)  #\u5b9e\u53c21\u30012\u30013\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f62\u53c2x\u3001y\u3001z\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u53c24\u30015\u30016\u30017\u90fd\u88ab*\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9args\uff0c\u5373args=(4, 5, 6,7)\n\n1\n2\n3\n(4, 5, 6, 7)<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e8b\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868,\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u503c\u7ed9*args\u7684<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,y,*args):\n...     print(x)\n...     print(y)\n...     print(args)\n... \n>>> L=[3,4,5]\n>>> foo(1,2,*L) # *L\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u65703\uff0c4\uff0c5, foo(1,2,*L)\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u4e8efoo(1,2,3,4,5)\n1\n2\n(3, 4, 5)<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f20\u5165L\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0*,\u90a3L\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e86<\/p>\n
        >>> foo(1,2,L) #\u4ec5\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u53c2L\n1\n2\n([1, 2, 3],)<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u5f62\u53c2\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f*\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,y,z=3):\n...     print(x)\n...     print(y)\n...     print(z)\n... \n>>> foo(*[1,2]) #\u7b49\u540c\u4e8efoo(1,2)\n1\n2\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6c42\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u548c\uff0c*args\u5c31\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u4e86<\/p>\n
        >>> def add(*args):\n...     res=0\n...     for i in args:\n...         res+=i\n...     return res\n... \n>>> add(1,2,3,4,5)\n15<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        2.4.2 \u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u53f7,\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab<\/strong>\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u5f62\u53c2<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,**kwargs): #\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570kwargs\u524d\u52a0**\n...     print(x)        \n...     print(kwargs)   \n... \n>>> foo(y=2,x=1,z=3) #\u6ea2\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9e\u53c2y=2\uff0cz=3\u90fd\u88ab**\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9kwargs\n1\n{'z': 3, 'y': 2}<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e8b\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178,\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u503c\u7ed9**kwargs\u7684<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,y,**kwargs):\n...     print(x)\n...     print(y)\n...     print(kwargs)\n... \n>>> dic={'a':1,'b':2} \n>>> foo(1,2,**dic) #**dic\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570a=1\uff0cb=2\uff0cfoo(1,2,**dic)\u7b49\u540cfoo(1,2,a=1,b=2)\n1\n2\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f20\u5165dic\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0**,\u90a3dic\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e86<\/p>\n
        >>> foo(1,2,dic) #TypeError:\u51fd\u6570foo\u53ea\u9700\u89812\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f20\u4e863\u4e2a<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u5f62\u53c2\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u53c2\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f**\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n
        >>> def foo(x,y,z=3):\n...     print(x)\n...     print(y)\n...     print(z)\n... \n>>> foo(**{'x':1,'y':2}) #\u7b49\u540c\u4e8efoo(y=2,x=1)\n1\n2\n3<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528**kwargs\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
        >>> def auth(user,password,**kwargs): \n...     pass \n...<\/code><\/pre>\n
        2.5  \u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n
        \u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86**kwargs\u53c2\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570key=value\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u67d0\u4e2akey\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n
        >>> def register(name,age,**kwargs):\n...     if 'sex' in kwargs:\n...         #\u6709sex\u53c2\u6570\n...         pass\n...     if 'height' in kwargs:\n...         #\u6709height\u53c2\u6570\n...         pass\n... <\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u60f3\u8981\u9650\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5key=value\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u503c\uff0cPython3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f62\u53c2\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c<\/em>\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u79f0\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167key=value\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5176\u4f20\u503c\uff0c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u4f20\u503c<\/p>\n
        >>> def register(name,age,*,sex,height): #sex,height\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\n...     pass\n... \n>>> register('lili',18,sex='male',height='1.8m') #\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\n>>> register('lili',18,'male','1.8m') # TypeError:\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3asex\u548cheight\u4f20\u503c\n>>> register('lili',18,height='1.8m') # TypeError\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570height\u4f20\u503c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n
        >>> def register(name,age,*,sex='male',height):\n...     print('Name:%s,Age:%s,Sex:%s,Height:%s' %(name,age,sex,height))\n... \n>>> register('lili',18,height='1.8m')\nName:lili,Age:18,Sex:male,Height:1.8m<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff1asex\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\uff0cheight\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u5728\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5f62\u53c2sex=\u2019male\u2019\u5c5e\u4e8e\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u653e\u5230\u5f62\u53c2height\u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f62\u53c2\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/em>args\u4e86\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53f7\u4e86<\/p>\n
        >>> def register(name,age,*args,sex='male',height):\n...   print('Name:%s,Age:%s,Args:%s,Sex:%s,Height:%s' %(name,age,args,sex,height))\n... \n>>> register('lili',18,1,2,3,height='1.8m') #sex\u4e0eheight\u4ecd\u4e3a\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\nName:lili,Age:18,Args:(1, 2, 3),Sex:male,Height:1.8m<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div>
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        2.6 \u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
        \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4efb\u610f\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9a\u4e49\u987a\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\uff1a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3001*args\u3001\u547d\u540d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3001**kwargs        <\/p>\n
        \u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570*args\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570*kwargs\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u53c2\u4e3a<\/em>args\u4e0e**kwargs\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
        >>> def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):\n...     pass\n...<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u8fd9\u57284.6\u5c0f\u8282\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5927\u6709\u7528\u5904\uff09<\/p>\n
        >>> def func(x,y,z):\n...     print(x,y,z)\n... \n>>> def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):\n...     func(*args,**kwargs)\n...\n>>> wrapper(1,z=3,y=2)\n1 2 3<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570wrapper\u4f20\u53c2\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570func\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570wrapper\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u53c21\u88ab*\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9args\uff0c\u5373args=(1,),\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9e\u53c2z=3\uff0cy=2\u88ab**\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9kwargs\uff0c\u5373kwargs={‘y’: 2, ‘z’: 3}<\/li>\n
        2. \u6267\u884cfunc(args,<\/em>kwargs),\u5373func(*(1,),** {‘y’: 2, ‘z’: 3}),\u7b49\u540c\u4e8efunc(1,z=3,y=2)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u63d0\u793a\uff1a *args\u3001**kwargs\u4e2d\u7684args\u548ckwargs\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u5e76\u65e0\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528args\u3001kwargs\u662f\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
          \u4e09 \u7ec3\u4e60\u9898<\/h1>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e601<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u5165\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e0e\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6279\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
          def modify_file(filename,old,new):\n    import os\n    with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as read_f,\\\n        open('.bak.swap','w',encoding='utf-8') as write_f:\n        for line in read_f:\n            if old in line:\n                line=line.replace(old,new)\n            write_f.write(line)\n    os.remove(filename)\n    os.rename('.bak.swap',filename)\n\nmodify_file('\/Users\/egon\/PycharmProjects\/python\/a.txt','egon','egon_new')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e602<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f20\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u3010\u6570\u5b57\u3011\u3001\u3010\u5b57\u6bcd\u3011\u3001\u3010\u7a7a\u683c] \u4ee5\u53ca \u3010\u5176\u4ed6\u3011\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n
          def check_str(msg):\n    res={\n        'num':0,\n        'string':0,\n        'space':0,\n        'other':0,\n    }\n    for s in msg:\n        if s.isdigit():\n            res['num']+=1\n        elif s.isalpha():\n            res['string']+=1\n        elif s.isspace():\n            res['space']+=1\n        else:\n            res['other']+=1\n    return res\n\nres=check_str('WELCOME to egon's world  1234321')\nprint(res)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e603<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\uff09\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e5\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e604<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4f20\u5165\u5217\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u4e8e2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
          def func1(seq):\n    if len(seq) > 2:\n        seq=seq[0:2]\n    return seq\nprint(func1([1,2,3,4]))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e605<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u83b7\u53d6\u4f20\u5165\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5947\u6570\u4f4d\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
          def func2(seq):\n    return seq[::2]\nprint(func2([1,2,3,4,5,6,7]))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u7ec3\u4e606<\/h5>\n
          \u5199\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2avalue\u7684\u957f\u5ea6,\u5982\u679c\u5927\u4e8e2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u3002
          \ndic = {"k1": "v1v1", "k2": [11,22,33,44]}
          \nPS:\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684value\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
          def func3(dic):\n    d={}\n    for k,v in dic.items():\n        if len(v) > 2:\n            d[k]=v[0:2]\n    return d\nprint(func3({'k1':'abcdef','k2':[1,2,3,4],'k3':('a','b','c')}))<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u4e00 \u5f62\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b9e\u53c2\u4ecb\u7ecd \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5f62\u53c2\u548c\u5b9e\u53c2\uff1a \u5f62\u53c2\u5373\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4164"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4164\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}