{"id":4210,"date":"2022-03-19T22:12:39","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T14:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4210"},"modified":"2022-04-11T18:56:15","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T10:56:15","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4210","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\uff1a\u6a21\u5757"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6a21\u57571.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6a21\u57571.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h1>\u4e00 \u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2apy\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3axxx.py\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5219\u662fxxx,\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u597d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bd4\u55bb\u6210\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u5236\u9020\u7535\u8111\u7684\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u903b\u8f91\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7ec4\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u76f4\u63a5\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u62ff\u6765\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe01-2.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe01-2.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h1>\u4e8c \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h1>\n<h2>2.1 import\u8bed\u53e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u8303\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1afoo.py\nx=1\ndef get():\n    print(x)\ndef change():\n    global x\n    x=0\nclass Foo:\n    def func(self):\n       print(&#039;from the func&#039;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2apy\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528foo.py\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528import foo\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u505a\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540d\u5b57<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57foo\uff0c\u8be5\u540d\u5b57\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u8be5\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import foo #\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757foo\na=foo.x #\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cfx\u7684\u503c\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57a\nfoo.get() #\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u7684get\u51fd\u6570\nfoo.change() #\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u4e2d\u7684change\u51fd\u6570\nobj=foo.Foo() #\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u7684\u7c7bFoo\u6765\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cobj.func()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u52a0\u4e0afoo.\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u5f15\u7528foo\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728x\uff0c\u6267\u884cfoo.get()\u6216foo.change()\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cfx\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe02-4.jpeg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe02-4.jpeg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5bfc\u5165\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7import sys\uff0c\u6253\u5370sys.modules\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#1\u3001\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\n#2\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4ecepython2\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230python3\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982ConfigParser\u3001Queue\u3001SocketServer\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u7eaf\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe03-4.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe03-4.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u591a\u884cimport\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import module1\nimport module2\n    ...\nimport moduleN<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import module1,module2,...,moduleN<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u6709python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u660e\u663e\u5730\u533a\u5206\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u7c7b\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u4e0e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u7528\u7a7a\u884c\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#1. python\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\n#2. \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\n#3. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u200b    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe04-3.jpeg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe04-3.jpeg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>2.2 from-import \u8bed\u53e5<\/h2>\n<p>from&#8230;import&#8230;\u4e0eimport\u8bed\u53e5\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528import foo\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0afoo.\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528from foo import x,get,change,Foo\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from foo import x,get,change #\u5c06\u6a21\u5757foo\u4e2d\u7684x\u548cget\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\na=x #\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757foo\u4e2d\u7684x\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9a\nget() #\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884cfoo\u4e2d\u7684get\u51fd\u6570\nchange() #\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u91cd\u540d\u7684x\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684x<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65e0\u9700\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u574f\u5904\u5219\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5219\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u4e4b\u524d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe05-3.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe05-3.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916from\u8bed\u53e5\u652f\u6301from foo import <em>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c<\/em>\u4ee3\u8868\u5c06foo\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from foo import * #\u628afoo\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u5b57\n\na=x\nget()\nchange()\nobj=Foo() <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u8282\u7701\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u6700\u9876\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528<em>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u5219\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<\/em>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u79cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u7a76\u7adf\u4ece\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u540d\u5b57\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49__all__\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236*\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u601d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#foo.py\n__all__=[&#039;x&#039;,&#039;get&#039;] #\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94foo.py\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\nx=1\ndef get():\n    print(x)\ndef change():\n    global x\n    x=0\nclass Foo:\n    def func(self):\n       print(&#039;from the func&#039;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528*\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u5bfc\u5165__all__\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e86<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from foo import * #\u6b64\u65f6\u7684*\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868x\u548cget\n\nx #\u53ef\u7528\nget() #\u53ef\u7528\nchange() #\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\nFoo() #\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe06-3.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe06-3.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>2.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u5165\u8bed\u6cd5(as)<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import foo as f #\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757foo\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d77\u522b\u540df\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5c31\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540df\nf.x\nf.get()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u8d77\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from foo import get as get_x\nget_x()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u8d77\u522b\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7cbe\u7b80\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e3a\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8d77\u522b\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u540d\u5b57\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757json\u548cpickle\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86load\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">if data_format == &#039;json&#039;:\n    import json as serialize #\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u662fjson\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bfc\u5165json\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3aserialize\nelif data_format == &#039;pickle&#039;:\n    import pickle as serialize #\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u662fpickle\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bfc\u5165pickle\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3aserialize\n\ndata=serialize.load(fn) #\u6700\u7ec8\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe08-2.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe08-2.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>2.4 \u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/01-38-bug\u600e\u4e48\u9762\u5bf9.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/01-38-bug\u600e\u4e48\u9762\u5bf9.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\/\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u53c8\u8fd4\u56de\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5c1a\u672a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u7a76\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u5728python\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u5faa\u73af\/\u5d4c\u5957\u5bfc\u5165\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>m1.py<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">print(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1&#039;)\nfrom m2 import y\n\nx=&#039;m1&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>m2.py<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">print(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2&#039;)\nfrom m1 import x\n\ny=&#039;m2&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>run.py<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import m1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#1\u3001\u6267\u884crun.py\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\n\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1\n\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/aa.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;\n    import m1\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/m1.py&quot;, line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\n    from m2 import y\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/m2.py&quot;, line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\n    from m1 import x\nImportError: cannot import name &#039;x&#039;\n\n#2\u3001\u5206\u6790\n\u5148\u6267\u884crun.py---&gt;\u6267\u884cimport m1\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfc\u5165m1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801---&gt;\u6253\u5370\u5185\u5bb9&quot;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1&quot;\n---&gt;\u6267\u884cfrom m2 import y \u5f00\u59cb\u5bfc\u5165m2\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801---&gt;\u6253\u5370\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2\u201d---&gt;\u6267\u884cfrom m1 import x,\u7531\u4e8em1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53bbm1\u4e2d\u62ffx\uff0c\u7136\u800cx\u6b64\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e8em1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62a5\u9519<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe09-2.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe09-2.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e8c<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#1\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6267\u884cm1.py\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86m1\n\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884cm1.py\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\n\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1\n\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2\n\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/m1.py&quot;, line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\n    from m2 import y\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/m2.py&quot;, line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\n    from m1 import x\n  File &quot;\/Users\/linhaifeng\/PycharmProjects\/pro01\/1 aaaa\u7ec3\u4e60\u76ee\u5f55\/m1.py&quot;, line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\n    from m2 import y\nImportError: cannot import name &#039;y&#039;\n\n#2\u3001\u5206\u6790\n\u6267\u884cm1.py\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u201c\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1\u201d\uff0c\u6267\u884cfrom m2 import y \uff0c\u5bfc\u5165m2\u8fdb\u800c\u6267\u884cm2.py\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801---&gt;\u6253\u5370&quot;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2&quot;\uff0c\u6267\u884cfrom m1 import x\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6m1\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u6267\u884cm1.py\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86m1\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfc\u5165m1\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801---&gt;\u6253\u5370&quot;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1&quot;\uff0c\u6267\u884cfrom m1 import y\uff0c\u7531\u4e8em1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u9700\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bfc\u5165\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u95eem2\u8981y\uff0c\u7136\u800cy\u6b64\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e8em2\u4e2d\u6240\u4ee5\u62a5\u9519<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe10-3.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe10-3.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><br \/>\n<strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u65b9\u6848\u4e00\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u8bed\u53e5\u653e\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1am1.py\nprint(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1&#039;)\n\nx=&#039;m1&#039;\n\nfrom m2 import y\n\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1am2.py\nprint(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2&#039;)\ny=&#039;m2&#039;\n\nfrom m1 import x\n\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1arun.py\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\nimport m1\nprint(m1.x)\nprint(m1.y)\n\n# \u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u8bed\u53e5\u653e\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1am1.py\nprint(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m1&#039;)\n\ndef f1():\n    from m2 import y\n    print(x,y)\n\nx = &#039;m1&#039;\n\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1am2.py\nprint(&#039;\u6b63\u5728\u5bfc\u5165m2&#039;)\n\ndef f2():\n    from m1 import x\n    print(x,y)\n\ny = &#039;m2&#039;\n\n# \u6587\u4ef6\uff1arun.py\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\nimport m1\n\nm1.f1()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5931\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u70c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u5faa\u73af\/\u5d4c\u5957\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe11-4.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe11-4.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>2.5 \u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/h2>\n<p>\u6a21\u5757\u5176\u5b9e\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7eafPython\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u5199\u7684py\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5305<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528C\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u5230Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528C\u6216C++\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u68c0\u7d22sys.path\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002sys.path\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">>&gt;&gt; sys.path\n[&#039;&#039;,\n&#039;\/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/3.5\/lib\/python35.zip&#039;,\n&#039;\/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/3.5\/lib\/python3.5&#039;,\n...,\n&#039;\/Library\/Frameworks\/Python.framework\/Versions\/3.5\/lib\/python3.5\/site-packages&#039;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u770b\uff1a\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709.zip\u6216.egg\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0aPython\u786e\u5b9e\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f53\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u770b\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe12.jpeg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe12.jpeg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>sys.path\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u65f6\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5757\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6foo.py\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230sys.path\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u8bbefoo.py\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\/pythoner\/projects\/<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import sys\nsys.path.append(r&#039;\/pythoner\/projects\/&#039;) #\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys.path.insert(\u2026\u2026)\n\nimport foo #\u65e0\u8bbafoo.py\u5728\u4f55\u5904,\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u5b83\u4e86<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>2.6 \u533a\u5206py\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u9014<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5f53\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5f53\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u522b\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2apy\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86__name__\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u5728py\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u201c__main__\u201d,\u5728py\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u540d<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe14-2.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe14-2.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757foo.py\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u57fa\u4e8e__name__\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#foo.py\n...\nif __name__ == &#039;__main__&#039;:\n    foo.py\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\nelse:\n    foo.py\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728if\u7684\u5b50\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u9488\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837foo.py\u5728\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u7528\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2.7 \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/01-39-\u89c4\u77e9.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/01-39-\u89c4\u77e9.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u5199py\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u63d0\u9192\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u65e2\u662f\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u4e0e\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u6700\u597d\u6309\u7167\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u53bb\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">#!\/usr\/bin\/env python #\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5728\u7c7bunix\u73af\u5883\u6709\u6548,\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u672c\u540d\u6765\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\n\n&quot;The module is used to...&quot; #\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863\u63cf\u8ff0\n\nimport sys #\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\n\nx=1 #\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf,\u5982\u679c\u975e\u5fc5\u987b,\u5219\u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf,\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027,\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\n\nclass Foo: #\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b,\u5e76\u5199\u597d\u7c7b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\n    &#039;Class Foo is used to...&#039;\n    pass\n\ndef test(): #\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570,\u5e76\u5199\u597d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\n    &#039;Function test is used to\u2026&#039;\n    pass\n\nif __name__ == &#039;__main__&#039;: #\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\n    test() #\u5728\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u65f6,\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u5904\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe13-3.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u6076\u641e\u56fe13-3.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00 \u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2apy\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3axxx.py\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5219\u662fxxx,\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6703,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,327],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4210"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}