![\"\"](\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/\u591a\u6001\u6027\u4e0e\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b1.jpg\")
<\/div><\/p>\n\u591a\u6001\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/h1>\n
\u591a\u6001\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u732b\u3001\u72d7\u3001\u732a<\/p>\n
class Animal: #\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269:\u52a8\u7269\n def talk(self):\n pass\nclass Cat(Animal): #\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u4e00:\u732b\n def talk(self):\n print('\u55b5\u55b5\u55b5')\nclass Dog(Animal): #\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u4e8c:\u72d7\n def talk(self):\n print('\u6c6a\u6c6a\u6c6a')\nclass Pig(Animal): #\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u4e09:\u732a\n def talk(self):\n print('\u54fc\u54fc\u54fc')\n\n#\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\n>>> cat=Cat()\n>>> dog=Dog()\n>>> pig=Pig()<\/code><\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\")
<\/div><\/p>\n\u591a\u6001\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u8c61\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u7edf\u4e00\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982cat\u3001dog\u3001pig\u90fd\u662f\u52a8\u7269,\u4f46\u51e1\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u80af\u5b9a\u6709talk\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u5b83\u4eec\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u7269,\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n
>>> cat.talk()\n\u55b5\u55b5\u55b5\n>>> dog.talk()\n\u6c6a\u6c6a\u6c6a\n>>> pig.talk()\n\u54fc\u54fc\u54fc<\/code><\/pre>\n\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65,\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n
>>> def Talk(animal):\n... animal.talk()\n... \n>>> Talk(cat)\n\u55b5\u55b5\u55b5\n>>> Talk(dog)\n\u6c6a\u6c6a\u6c6a\n>>> Talk(pig)\n\u54fc\u54fc\u54fc<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\nPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/p>\n
# \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e09\u8005\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ns.__len__()\nl.__len__()\nt.__len__()\n\n# Python\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\nlen(s)\nlen(l)\nlen(t)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fAnimal\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61obj\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528obj.talk()<\/p>\n
>>> class Wolf(Animal): #\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u72fc\n... def talk(self):\n... print('\u55f7...')\n... \n>>> wolf=Wolf() # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u51fa\u4e00\u5934\u72fc\n>>> wolf.talk() # \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3wolf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u8c03\u7528talk\n\u55f7...<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u7efc\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7c7b\u800c\u7edf\u4e00\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u5f15\u5165\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u786c\u6027\u9650\u5236\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d<\/p>\n
import abc\n\n# \u6307\u5b9ametaclass\u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u7c7b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\nclass Animal(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):\n @abc.abstractmethod # \u8be5\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u9650\u5236\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3atalk\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n def talk(self): # \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u65e0\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\n pass\n\nclass Cat(Animal): # \u4f46\u51e1\u7ee7\u627fAnimal\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faaAnimal\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\n def talk(self):\n pass\n\ncat=Cat() # \u82e5\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3atalk\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38TypeError\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fPython\u5d07\u5c1a\u7684\u201c\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff08duck typing\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u3001\u53eb\u58f0\u50cf\u800c\u4e14\u8d70\u8d77\u8def\u6765\u50cf\u9e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u9e2d\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9e2d\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u677e\u8026\u5408\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n#\u4e8c\u8005\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90fd\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6,\u56e0\u800c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u53bb\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\nclass Txt: #Txt\u7c7b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373read\u548cwrite\n def read(self):\n pass\n def write(self):\n pass\n\nclass Disk: #Disk\u7c7b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aread\u548cwrite\n def read(self):\n pass\n def write(self):\n pass<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u591a\u6001\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u6027 \u591a\u6001\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u52a8\u7269\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u732b\u3001\u72d7\u3001\u732a class Animal: #\u540c\u4e00 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,328],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4267"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"