{"id":4276,"date":"2022-03-19T22:43:16","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T14:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2022-04-11T19:01:59","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T11:01:59","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf%e4%b8%8e%e6%b4%be%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4276","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u7ee7\u627f\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u7c7b\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u6216\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u53c8\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\u6216\u8d85\u7c7b<\/p>\n

class ParentClass1: #\u5b9a\u4e49\u7236\u7c7b\n    pass\n\nclass ParentClass2: #\u5b9a\u4e49\u7236\u7c7b\n    pass\n\nclass SubClass1(ParentClass1): #\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\n    pass\n\nclass SubClass2(ParentClass1,ParentClass2): #\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\n    pass<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027__bases__\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b<\/p>\n
>>> SubClass2.__bases__\n(<class '__main__.ParentClass1'>, <class '__main__.ParentClass2'>)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u5728Python2\u4e2d\u6709\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\u4e0e\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u7ee7\u627fobject\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u7ee7\u627fobject\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u3002\u800c\u5728Python3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u7ee7\u627fobject\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ee7\u627f\u8be5\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
>>> ParentClass1.__bases__\n(<class \u2018object'>,)\n>>> ParentClass2.__bases__\n(<class 'object'>,)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u800c\u5728Python3\u4e2d\u7edf\u4e00\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\u4e0e\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u793a\uff1aobject\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6765\u5728\u6253\u5370\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5__str__<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e8c \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61<\/h1>\n
\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u5373\u603b\u7ed3\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5f97\u5230\u7c7b\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u56fe\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u2019\u662f\u2019\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u732a\u7c7b\uff0c\u7334\u7c7b\u90fd\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\uff09\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\uff0f\u9057\u4f20\u7236\u7c7b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7ee7\u627f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7c7b\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u5b9a\u4e49Student\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u518d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aTeacher\u7c7b<\/p>\n
class Teacher:\n    school='\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66'\n\n    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):\n        self.name=name\n        self.sex=sex\n        self.age=age\n\n    def teach(self):\n        print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u7c7bTeacher\u4e0eStudent\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528<\/p>\n
class People:\n    school='\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66'\n\n    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):\n        self.name=name\n        self.sex=sex\n        self.age=age\n\nclass Student(People):\n    def choose(self):\n        print('%s is choosing a course' %self.name)\n\nclass Teacher(People):\n    def teach(self):\n        print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Teacher\u7c7b\u5185\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49__init__\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u4ece\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230__init__,\u56e0\u800c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
>>> teacher1=Teacher('lili','male',18)\n>>> teacher1.school,teacher1.name,teacher1.sex,teacher1.age\n('\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66', 'lili', 'male', 18)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e09 \u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e<\/h1>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u4ece\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u5df1\u7684__dict__\u4e2d\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u53bb\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u627e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u627e\u2026\u2026 <\/p>\n
>>> class Foo:\n...     def f1(self):\n...         print('Foo.f1')\n...     def f2(self):\n...         print('Foo.f2')\n...         self.f1()\n... \n>>> class Bar(Foo):\n...     def f1(self):\n...         print('Foo.f1')\n... \n>>> b=Bar()\n>>> b.f2()\nFoo.f2\nFoo.f1<\/code><\/pre>\n
b.f2()\u4f1a\u5728\u7236\u7c7bFoo\u4e2d\u627e\u5230f2\uff0c\u5148\u6253\u5370Foo.f2,\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c\u5230self.f1(),\u5373b.f1()\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab->\u7c7bBar->\u7236\u7c7bFoo\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u627e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u7c7bBar\u4e2d\u627e\u5230f1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6253\u5370\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3aFoo.f1<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u7236\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u5b50\u7c7b\u8986\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u7684<\/p>\n
>>> class Foo:\n...     def __f1(self): # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3a_Foo__fa\n...         print('Foo.f1') \n...     def f2(self):\n...         print('Foo.f2')\n...         self.__f1() # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3aself._Foo__fa,\u56e0\u800c\u53ea\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n... \n>>> class Bar(Foo):\n...     def __f1(self): # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3a_Bar__f1\n...         print('Foo.f1')\n... \n>>> \n>>> b=Bar()\n>>> b.f2() #\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230f2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8c03\u7528b._Foo__f1()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\nFoo.f2\nFoo.f1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u56db \u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h1>\n
4.1 \u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n
\u200b    \u5927\u591a\u6570\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u800c\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u56fa\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7236\u7c7b\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u8457\u540d\u7684 Diamond problem<\/a>\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898(\u6216\u79f0\u94bb\u77f3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u94bb\u77f3\u201d)\uff0c\u83f1\u5f62\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6bd4\u55bb<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
A\u7c7b\u5728\u9876\u90e8\uff0cB\u7c7b\u548cC\u7c7b\u5206\u522b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0cD\u7c7b\u5728\u5e95\u90e8\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u83f1\u5f62\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679cA\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cB\u548c\/\u6216C\u90fd\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800cD\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u5199\u5b83\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48D\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aB\u7684\u8fd8\u662fC\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n
class A(object):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from A')\n\nclass B(A):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from B')\n\nclass C(A):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from C')\n\nclass D(B,C):\n    pass\n\nobj = D()\nobj.test() # \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1afrom B<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8981\u60f3\u641e\u660e\u767dobj.test()\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5test\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3python\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n
4.2 \u7ee7\u627f\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n
python\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5462\uff1f \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0cPython\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f(MRO)\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8be5MRO\u5217\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
>>> D.mro() # \u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86mro\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u7ebf\u6027\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u5185\u7f6e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\n[<class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>]<\/code><\/pre>\n
python\u4f1a\u5728MRO\u5217\u8868\u4e0a\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u67e5\u627e\u57fa\u7c7b,\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
\n\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2aMRO\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6784\u9020\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aC3\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53bb\u6df1\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406,\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u5e76\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684MRO\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u6761\u51c6\u5219:<\/p>\n
1.\u5b50\u7c7b\u4f1a\u5148\u4e8e\u7236\u7c7b\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\n2.\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\n3.\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9,\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5obj.test()\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u4ece\u5bf9\u8c61obj\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u91cc\u627e\u65b9\u6cd5test\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u53c2\u7167\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005(\u5373obj)\u6240\u5904\u7c7bD\u7684MRO\u5217\u8868\u6765\u4f9d\u6b21\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u7c7bD\u4e2d\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518dB\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5test<\/p>\n
ps\uff1a<\/p>\n
1.\u7531\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u91cc\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b.mro()\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u627e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\n2.\u7531\u7c7b\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b.mro()\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u627e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
4.3 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148<\/h3>\n
\u53c2\u7167\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u975e\u83f1\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5148\u627eB\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u627eC\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u627eD\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5206\u652f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
class E:\n    def test(self):\n        print('from E')\n\nclass F:\n    def test(self):\n        print('from F')\n\nclass B(E):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from B')\n\nclass C(F):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from C')\n\nclass D:\n    def test(self):\n        print('from D')\n\nclass A(B, C, D):\n    # def test(self):\n    #     print('from A')\n    pass\n\nprint(A.mro())\n'''\n[<class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.E'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.F'>, <class '__main__.D'>, <class 'object'>]\n'''\n\nobj = A()\nobj.test() # \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1afrom B\n# \u53ef\u4f9d\u6b21\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5test\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u83f1\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\u4e0e\u65b0\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540cMRO\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u67e5\u627e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
class G: # \u5728python2\u4e2d\uff0c\u672a\u7ee7\u627fobject\u7684\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7c7b\n    def test(self):\n        print('from G')\n\nclass E(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from E')\n\nclass F(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from F')\n\nclass B(E):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from B')\n\nclass C(F):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from C')\n\nclass D(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from D')\n\nclass A(B,C,D):\n    # def test(self):\n    #     print('from A')\n    pass\n\nobj = A()\nobj.test() # \u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a:obj->A->B->E->G->C->F->D->object\n# \u53ef\u4f9d\u6b21\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5test\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1,\u6ce8\u610f\u8bf7\u5728python2.x\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
class G(object):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from G')\n\nclass E(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from E')\n\nclass F(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from F')\n\nclass B(E):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from B')\n\nclass C(F):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from C')\n\nclass D(G):\n    def test(self):\n        print('from D')\n\nclass A(B,C,D):\n    # def test(self):\n    #     print('from A')\n    pass\n\nobj = A()\nobj.test() # \u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a:obj->A->B->E->C->F->D->G->object\n# \u53ef\u4f9d\u6b21\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5test\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.4 Pyton Mixins\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n
\u200b    \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u8bdf\u75c5\uff0c\u4e00\u6765\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u6076\u7684\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e8c\u6765\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u91cc\u7ee7\u627f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e2a\u201dis-a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u6bd4\u5982\u8f7f\u8f66\u7c7b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u8f7f\u8f66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a(\u201cis-a\u201d)\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u91cc\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u786e\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u200b    \u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u62ff\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50:<\/p>\n
\u200b    \u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\u3001\u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\u3001\u8f7f\u8f66\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08is-a\uff09\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u98de\u884cfly\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8f7f\u8f66\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u98de\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u653e\u5230\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684<\/p>\n
class Vehicle:  # \u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\n    def fly(self):\n        '''\n        \u98de\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801        \n        '''\n        print("I am flying")\n\nclass CivilAircraft(Vehicle):  # \u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\n    pass\n\nclass Helicopter(Vehicle):  # \u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\n    pass\n\nclass Car(Vehicle):  # \u6c7d\u8f66\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u98de\uff0c\u4f46\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e5f\u80fd\u98de\u4e86\n    pass<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u200b    \u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\u548c\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u90fd\u5404\u81ea\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u98de\u884cfly\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u540e\u98de\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u200b    \u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u597d\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u884c\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\u548c\u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u98de\u884c\u5668\u4e24\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53c8\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201dis-a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u200b    \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3Java\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3interface\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff1a\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\npublic abstract class Vehicle {\n}\n\n\/\/ \u63a5\u53e3\uff1a\u98de\u884c\u5668\npublic interface Flyable {\n    public void fly();\n}\n\n\/\/ \u7c7b\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u98de\u884c\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u7684fly\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u9762\u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\u4e0e\u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0fly\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u7528\u5373\u53ef\npublic class FlyableImpl implements Flyable {\n    public void fly() {\n        System.out.println("I am flying");\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u98de\u884c\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\npublic class CivilAircraft extends Vehicle implements Flyable {\n    private Flyable flyable;\n\n    public CivilAircraft() {\n        flyable = new FlyableImpl();\n    }\n\n    public void fly() {\n        flyable.fly();\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u98de\u884c\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\npublic class Helicopter extends Vehicle implements Flyable {\n    private Flyable flyable;\n\n    public Helicopter() {\n        flyable = new FlyableImpl();\n    }\n\n    public void fly() {\n        flyable.fly();\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\uff0c\npublic class Car extends Vehicle {\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u98de\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u98de\u884c\u5668\u4e24\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5199\u98de\u884c\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7834\u574f\u5355\u4e00\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u98de\u673a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u98de\u884c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u98de\u673a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u9898\uff0cPython\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Mixins\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4Mixins\u673a\u5236\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u6df7\u5408(mixin)\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u91c7\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Mixin\u540e\u7f00\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6807\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6df7\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e"is-a"\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Mixins\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8d28\u4ecd\u662f\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u9075\u5b88\u201dis-a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
class Vehicle:  # \u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\n    pass\n\nclass FlyableMixin:\n    def fly(self):\n        '''\n        \u98de\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801        \n        '''\n        print("I am flying")\n\nclass CivilAircraft(FlyableMixin, Vehicle):  # \u6c11\u822a\u98de\u673a\n    pass\n\nclass Helicopter(FlyableMixin, Vehicle):  # \u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\n    pass\n\nclass Car(Vehicle):  # \u6c7d\u8f66\n    pass\n\n# ps: \u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u5982\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662fpython\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u5957\u8def<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684CivilAircraft\u3001Helicopter\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6211\u4eec\u8d77\u540d\u4e3aFlyableMixin\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fFlyable\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u540e\u6765\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aMixin\u7c7b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6df7\u5165(mix-in)\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u660e\u786e\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u522b\u4eba\uff08python\u8bed\u8a00\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u540cJava\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\uff0cCivilAircraft\u3001Helicopter\u7c7b\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aVehicle\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u884c\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Mixin\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u5fc3<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u9996\u5148\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0cpython \u5bf9\u4e8emixin\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5 Mixin, able, ible \u4e3a\u540e\u7f00<\/li>\n
  • \u5176\u6b21\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8d23\u4efb\u5355\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5199\u591a\u4e2aMixin\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u591a\u4e2aMixin\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9075\u5faa\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u201cis-a\u201d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u5176\u5f52\u5c5e\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u7236\u7c7b<\/li>\n
  • \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n
  • \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u5373\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u4e2aMixin\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u7167\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u98de\u673a\u7167\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7d\u5ba2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u98de\u4e86\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u200b    Mixins\u662f\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Minx\u7c7b\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u6076\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u53d8\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u9605\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5230\u5e95\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u4f1a\u6655\u5934\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
    class Displayer:\n    def display(self, message):\n        print(message)\n\nclass LoggerMixin:\n    def log(self, message, filename='logfile.txt'):\n        with open(filename, 'a') as fh:\n            fh.write(message)\n\n    def display(self, message):\n        super().display(message) # super\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\n        self.log(message)\n\nclass MySubClass(LoggerMixin, Displayer):\n    def log(self, message):\n        super().log(message, filename='subclasslog.txt') \n\nobj = MySubClass()\nobj.display("This string will be shown and logged in subclasslog.txt")\n\n# \u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662fobj,\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53c2\u7167\u7c7bMySubClass\u7684MRO\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u5c5e\u6027\n#[<class '__main__.MySubClass'>, <class '__main__.LoggerMixin'>, <class '__main__.Displayer'>, <class 'object'>]\n\n# 1\u3001\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u53bb\u5bf9\u8c61obj\u7684\u7c7bMySubClass\u627e\u65b9\u6cd5display\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u53bb\u7c7bLoggerMixin\u4e2d\u627e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\n# 2\u3001\u6267\u884cLoggerMixin\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\u6267\u884csuper().display(message)\uff0c\u53c2\u7167MySubClass.mro(),super\u4f1a\u53bb\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5373\u7c7bDisplayer\u4e2d\u627e\uff0c\u627e\u5230display\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u6d88\u606f"This string will be shown and logged in subclasslog.txt"\n# 3\u3001\u6267\u884cLoggerMixin\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1aself.log(message)\uff0cself\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61obj\uff0c\u5373obj.log(message)\uff0c\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u4e3aobj\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5176\u7c7bMySubClass.mro(),\u5373MySubClass->LoggerMixin->Displayer->object\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5728MySubClass\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5log\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884csuper().log(message, filename='subclasslog.txt')\uff0csuper\u4f1a\u6309\u7167MySubClass.mro()\u67e5\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5728\u7c7bLoggerMixin\u4e2d\u627e\u5230log\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6subclasslog.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
    ps\uff1a\u8bfe\u5916\u4e86\u89e3\u5c0f\u77e5\u8bc6<\/p>\n
    Java\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6240\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u3002\n\u4e0ejava\u4e00\u6837\uff0cpython\u4e5f\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u53ef\u4fdd\u8bc1\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u907f\u514d\u83f1\u5f62\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\n\njava\u7684interface\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/linhaifeng\/articles\/7340153.html#_label6\npython\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u7c7b\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/linhaifeng\/articles\/7340153.html#_label7<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e94 \u6d3e\u751f\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u7528<\/h1>\n
    \u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u7236\u7c7b\u88ab\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u8fd8\u6709\u804c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728Teacher\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684__init__\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u7684<\/p>\n
    >>> class People:\n...     school='\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66'\n...     \n...     def __init__(self,name,sex,age):\n...         self.name=name\n...         self.sex=sex\n...         self.age=age\n... \n>>> class Teacher(People):\n...     def __init__(self,name,sex,age,title): # \u6d3e\u751f\n...         self.name=name\n...         self.sex=sex\n...         self.age=age\n...         self.title=title\n...     def teach(self):\n...         print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n... \n>>> obj=Teacher('lili','female',28,'\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bb2\u5e08') #\u53ea\u4f1a\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684__init__\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\n>>> obj.name,obj.sex,obj.age,obj.title\n('lili', 'female', 28, '\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bb2\u5e08')<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5b50\u7c7bTeacher\u4e2d__init__\u5185\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u884c\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u5199\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u91cd\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u201c\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u201d\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
    >>> class Teacher(People):\n...     def __init__(self,name,sex,age,title):\n...         People.__init__(self,name,age,sex) #\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570,\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165self\n...         self.title=title\n...     def teach(self):\n...         print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n... <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1asuper()<\/p>\n
    \u8c03\u7528super()\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167MRO\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5411\u540e\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n
    >>> class Teacher(People):\n...     def __init__(self,name,sex,age,title):\n...         super().__init__(name,age,sex) #\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u4f20\u5165self\n...         self.title=title\n...     def teach(self):\n...         print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n... <\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u5728Python2\u4e2dsuper\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5199\u6210super(\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c7b\u540d,self) ,\u800c\u5728python3\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5199\u4e3asuper()\u3002<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u662f\u8ddf\u7ee7\u627f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\u7684super()\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0csuper()\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6309\u7167MRO\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u540e\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n
    >>> #A\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u627fB\n... class A:\n...     def test(self):\n...         super().test()\n... \n>>> class B:\n...     def test(self):\n...         print('from B')\n... \n>>> class C(A,B):\n...     pass\n... \n>>> C.mro() # \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762A\u5e76\u4e0d\u662fB\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4eceMRO\u5217\u8868\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8fC->A->B->object\uff0cB\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eA\u7684\u201c\u7236\u7c7b\u201d\n[<class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>,<class \u2018object'>]\n>>> obj=C()\n>>> obj.test() # \u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u662f\u7c7bC\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61obj\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u9014\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u662f\u53c2\u7167C.mro()\nfrom B<\/code><\/pre>\n
    obj.test()\u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230A\u4e0b\u7684test\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6267\u884csuper().test()\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8eMRO\u5217\u8868(\u4ee5C.mro()\u4e3a\u51c6)\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u540e\u67e5\u627e()\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728B\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86test\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u91cd\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
    \u516d \u7ec4\u5408<\/h1>\n
    \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u662f\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\uff1b\u800c\u7ec4\u5408\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6709\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8001\u5e08\u6709\u751f\u65e5\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u6709\u591a\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7c7b\u662f\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
    class Course:\n    def __init__(self,name,period,price):\n        self.name=name\n        self.period=period\n        self.price=price\n    def tell_info(self):\n        print('<%s %s %s>' %(self.name,self.period,self.price))\n\nclass Date:\n    def __init__(self,year,mon,day):\n        self.year=year\n        self.mon=mon\n        self.day=day\n    def tell_birth(self):\n       print('<%s-%s-%s>' %(self.year,self.mon,self.day))\n\nclass People:\n    school='\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66'\n    def __init__(self,name,sex,age):\n        self.name=name\n        self.sex=sex\n        self.age=age\n\n#Teacher\u7c7b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u91cd\u7528People\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u91cd\u7528Date\u7c7b\u548cCourse\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\nclass Teacher(People): #\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u4eba\n    def __init__(self,name,sex,age,title,year,mon,day):\n        super().__init__(name,age,sex)\n        self.birth=Date(year,mon,day) #\u8001\u5e08\u6709\u751f\u65e5\n        self.courses=[] #\u8001\u5e08\u6709\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5f80\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Course\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\n    def teach(self):\n        print('%s is teaching' %self.name)\n\npython=Course('python','3mons',3000.0)\nlinux=Course('linux','5mons',5000.0)\nteacher1=Teacher('lili','female',28,'\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08',1990,3,23)\n\n# teacher1\u6709\u4e24\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\nteacher1.courses.append(python)\nteacher1.courses.append(linux)\n\n# \u91cd\u7528Date\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\nteacher1.birth.tell_birth()\n\n# \u91cd\u7528Course\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\nfor obj in teacher1.courses: \n    obj.tell_info()<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61teacher1\u96c6\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3001Teacher\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001Course\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\uff08\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6574\u5408\u7684\u4ea7\u7269<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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