{"id":4296,"date":"2022-03-19T22:45:17","date_gmt":"2022-03-19T14:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4296"},"modified":"2022-04-11T18:59:51","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T10:59:51","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4296","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\uff1a\u5c01\u88c5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00 \u5f15\u5165<\/h1>\n

\u200b \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201d\u6574\u5408\u201c\u4e8c\u5b57\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u9690\u85cf\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e8c \u9690\u85cf\u5c5e\u6027<\/h1>\n

Python\u7684Class\u673a\u5236\u91c7\u7528\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u5f62\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53cc\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bed\u6cd5\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210\u201c_\u7c7b\u540d__\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

class Foo:\n    __N=0 # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3a_Foo__N\n\n    def __init__(self): # \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5__\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f62\n        self.__x=10 # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3aself._Foo__x\n\n    def __f1(self): # \u53d8\u5f62\u4e3a_Foo__f1\n        print('__f1 run')\n\n    def f2(self):  # \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fd\u6570\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5__\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f62\n        self.__f1() #\u53d8\u5f62\u4e3aself._Foo__f1()\n\nprint(Foo.__N) # \u62a5\u9519AttributeError:\u7c7bFoo\u6ca1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__N\n\nobj = Foo()\nprint(obbj.__x) # \u62a5\u9519AttributeError:\u5bf9\u8c61obj\u6ca1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027__x<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5f62\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53cc\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u7c7b\u540d\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62fc\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\uff1a_\u7c7b\u540d_\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\uff0c\u5982Foo._A\\<\/em>_N\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5730\u9650\u5236\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> Foo.__dict__\nmappingproxy({..., '_Foo__N': 0, ...})\n\n>>> obj.__dict__\n{'_Foo__x': 10}\n\n>>> Foo._Foo__N\n0\n>>> obj._Foo__x\n10\n>>> obj._Foo__N\n0<\/code><\/pre>\n
2\u3001\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53cc\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982self.__f1()\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u53cc\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7edf\u4e00\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> obj.f2()\n__f1 run<\/code><\/pre>\n
3\u3001\u53d8\u5f62\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21,\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n
>>> Foo.__M=100\n>>> Foo.__dict__\nmappingproxy({..., '__M': 100,...})\n>>> Foo.__M\n100\n\n>>> obj.__y=20\n>>> obj.__dict__\n{'__y': 20, '_Foo__x': 10}\n>>> obj.__y\n20<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e09 \u5f00\u653e\u63a5\u53e3<\/h1>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684<\/p>\n
3.1 \u9690\u85cf\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027<\/h2>\n
\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7c7b\u5185\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n
>>> class Teacher:\n...     def __init__(self,name,age): #\u5c06\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u5e74\u7eaa\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\n...         self.__name=name\n...         self.__age=age\n...     def tell_info(self): #\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8001\u5e08\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\n...         print('\u59d3\u540d:%s,\u5e74\u9f84:%s' %(self.__name,self.__age))\n...     def set_info(self,name,age): #\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8001\u5e08\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u903b\u8f91\n...         if not isinstance(name,str):\n...             raise TypeError('\u59d3\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b')\n...         if not isinstance(age,int):\n...             raise TypeError('\u5e74\u9f84\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u578b')\n...         self.__name=name\n...         self.__age=age\n... \n>>>\n>>> t=Teacher('lili',18)\n>>> t.set_info(\u2018LiLi','19') # \u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>\n  File "<stdin>", line 11, in set_info\nTypeError: \u5e74\u9f84\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u578b\n>>> t.set_info('LiLi',19) # \u540d\u5b57\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a\u6574\u5f62\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\n>>> t.tell_info() # \u67e5\u770b\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n\u59d3\u540d:LiLi,\u5e74\u9f84:19<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
3.2 \u9690\u85cf\u51fd\u6570\u5c5e\u6027<\/h2>\n
\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9694\u79bb\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982ATM\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53d6\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd,\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63d2\u5361\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u91d1\u989d\u3001\u6253\u5370\u5c0f\u7968\u3001\u53d6\u94b1\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6765\u8bf4,\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u53d6\u6b3e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u63a5\u53e3\u5373\u53ef,\u5176\u4f59\u529f\u80fd\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n
>>> class ATM:\n...     def __card(self): #\u63d2\u5361\n...         print('\u63d2\u5361')\n...     def __auth(self): #\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\n...         print('\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1')\n...     def __input(self): #\u8f93\u5165\u91d1\u989d\n...         print('\u8f93\u5165\u53d6\u6b3e\u91d1\u989d')\n...     def __print_bill(self): #\u6253\u5370\u5c0f\u7968\n...         print('\u6253\u5370\u8d26\u5355')\n...     def __take_money(self): #\u53d6\u94b1\n...         print('\u53d6\u6b3e')\n...     def withdraw(self): #\u53d6\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\n...         self.__card()\n...         self.__auth()\n...         self.__input()\n...         self.__print_bill()\n...         self.__take_money()\n...\n>>> obj=ATM()\n>>> obj.withdraw()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u9690\u85cf\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u5730\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5916\uff0c\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5c01\u88c5\u5185\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u90e8\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1b\u800c\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u53ea\u9700\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u63a5\u53e3\u540d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5747\u65e0\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db property<\/h1>\n
BMI\u6307\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u91cd\u4e0e\u8eab\u9ad8\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4f53\u8d28\u6307\u6570\uff08BMI\uff09=\u4f53\u91cd\uff08kg\uff09\u00f7\u8eab\u9ad8^2\uff08m\uff09\nEX\uff1a70kg\u00f7\uff081.75\u00d71.75\uff09=22.86<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8eab\u9ad8\u6216\u4f53\u91cd\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u60f3\u67e5\u770bBMI\u503c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663eBMI\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u800c\u975e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64Python\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668property\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u201d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
>>> class People:\n...     def __init__(self,name,weight,height):\n...         self.name=name\n...         self.weight=weight\n...         self.height=height\n...     @property\n...     def bmi(self):\n...         return self.weight \/ (self.height**2)\n...\n>>> obj=People('lili',75,1.85)\n>>> obj.bmi #\u89e6\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5bmi\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c06obj\u81ea\u52a8\u4f20\u7ed9self\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n21.913805697589478<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528property\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u5916property\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
>>> class Foo:\n...     def __init__(self,val):\n...         self.__NAME=val #\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\n...     @property\n...     def name(self):\n...         return self.__NAME\n...     @name.setter\n...     def name(self,value):\n...         if not isinstance(value,str):  #\u5728\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\n...             raise TypeError('%s must be str' %value)\n...         self.__NAME=value #\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u540e,\u5c06\u503cvalue\u5b58\u653e\u5230\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6eself.__NAME\n...     @name.deleter\n...     def name(self):\n...         raise PermissionError('Can not delete')\n...\n>>> f=Foo('lili')\n>>> f.name\nlili\n>>> f.name='LiLi' #\u89e6\u53d1name.setter\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570name(f,\u2019Egon')\n>>> f.name=123 #\u89e6\u53d1name.setter\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7684\u51fd\u6570name(f,123),\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38TypeError\n>>> del f.name #\u89e6\u53d1name.deleter\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570name(f),\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38PermissionError<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00 \u5f15\u5165 \u200b \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u3002\u5c01\u88c5\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,281,328],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4296"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4296\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}