{"id":4878,"date":"2022-03-28T18:42:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T10:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4878"},"modified":"2022-04-03T16:42:12","modified_gmt":"2022-04-03T08:42:12","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%94%e7%af%87%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%88%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%af%87%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=4878","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc7\uff1a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u7bc7\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u7406\u8bba\uff09<\/h1>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps26.jpg'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  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\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f66\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5f00\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u8fc5\u96f7\u5185\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u5e72\u81ea\u5df1\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n<p>Threads share the address space of the process that created it; processes have their own address space. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Threads have direct access to the data segment of its process; processes have their own copy of the data segment of the parent process. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff1b \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5176\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Threads can directly communicate with other threads of its process; processes must use interprocess communication to communicate with sibling processes. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5176\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0e\u540c\u7ea7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>New threads are easily created; new processes require duplication of the parent process. \u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u521b\u5efa\uff1b \u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Threads can exercise considerable control over threads of the same process; processes can only exercise control over child processes. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u884c\u4f7f\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Changes to the main thread (cancellation, priority change, etc.) may affect the behavior of the other threads of the process; changes to the parent process does not affect child processes. \u5bf9\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff08\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u66f4\u6539\u7b49\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b \u5bf9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bb2\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5f00\u542f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb2\u5206\u4e3a4\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6bd4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8981\u5feb10-100\u500d\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5f88\u6709\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u662fcpu\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u7684I\/O\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u53e0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u591acpu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5f00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u9500\u8981\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePython\uff09<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps27.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps27.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80af\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u529e\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u76d1\u542c\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5b9a\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u6587\u5b57\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u5e76\u53d1\u5730\u5f00\u542f\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b,\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u65f6\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5bf9\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5219\u5171\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e5f\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u662fcpu\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps28.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps28.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u654c\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u662f\u62a2\u5360\u3001\u7ade\u4e89cpu\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fc5\u96f7\u4f1a\u548cQQ\u62a2\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5806\u6808<\/p>\n<p><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps29.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-2\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  data-original=\"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/wps29.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93\u65e0\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u65f6\u949f\u4e2d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8ba9\u51faCPU\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528thread_yield\u8fd0\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u52a8\u653e\u5f03cpu\uff0c\u8ba9\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6837\u591a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9644\u8fd1\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48copy\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\uff0ccopy\u7248\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8981\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u5417\uff0c\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3nginx\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u5f80\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5199\u5185\u5bb9\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5b58\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u534a\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001POSIX\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cIEEE\u5728IEEE\u6807\u51c61003.1c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5305\u53ebPthread\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206UNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong><em>*\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528*<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong><em>*\u63cf\u8ff0*<\/em><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_create<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_exit<\/td>\n<td>\u7ed3\u675f\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_join<\/td>\n<td>\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_yield<\/td>\n<td>\u91ca\u653eCPU\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_attr_init<\/td>\n<td>\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pthread_attr_destroy<\/td>\n<td>\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b(User-Level 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