{"id":7035,"date":"2000-06-05T15:03:46","date_gmt":"2000-06-05T07:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=7035"},"modified":"2022-06-05T15:12:01","modified_gmt":"2022-06-05T07:12:01","slug":"7035","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=7035","title":{"rendered":"Python \u65b0\u63d0\u6848\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501 GIL\u89e3\u653e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1ahttps:\/\/realpython.com\/python-gil\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u4e00 Python \u65b0\u63d0\u6848<\/h1>\n

Python \u65b0\u63d0\u6848\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501 GIL\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>
\n\u636e Python \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u535a\u5ba2\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/a>\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005 Sam Gross \u5728 2022 Python \u8bed\u8a00\u5cf0\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u63d0\u6848\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u79fb\u9664 CPython \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684 GIL- \u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501<\/a>\uff0c\u4f7f Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6027\u80fd \u2014\u2014 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\n

\"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n

Python \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec JVM \u3001 .NET CLR \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ecd\u662f CPython \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u7531\u4e8e CPython \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86 CPython \u7684 GIL \uff08Global Interpreter Lock – \u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002 GIL \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6301\u6709 Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9 Python \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c Python \u5b57\u8282\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u6765\uff0cGIL \u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 CPython \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e GIL \u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b98\u65b9\u548c\u975e\u5b98\u65b9 Python \u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u4e86 GIL \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u79fb\u9664 GIL \u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u4efb\u91cd\u800c\u9053\u8fdc\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005 Larry Hastings \u5728\u5176 \u201cGilectomy\u201d \uff08GIL \u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\uff09<\/a>\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b8c\u6210 CPython GIL \u529f\u80fd\u7684\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b Python \u4ee3\u7801\u663e\u7740\u53d8\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6b64\u6b21 Python \u8bed\u8a00\u5cf0\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee \u201cnogil\u201d<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7531 Meta \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458 Sam Gross \u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u79fb\u9664 GIL \u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u4e86 Gilectomy \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c Sam Gross \u610f\u8bc6\u5230 \uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f Python \u5728\u6ca1\u6709 GIL \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5411\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e Python \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0cGross \u5c06\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u9501\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd \u201c\u66f4\u5409\u5229\u201d \u7684\u9501\u3002\u5982\u679c\u987a\u5229\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u9501\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 Python 3.12 \u7248\u672c\u4eae\u76f8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Gross \u7684\u63d0\u6848\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u5728 Python 3.12 \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u5c06\u7981\u7528 GIL\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e8c \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9 GIL \u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c\u5982\u6b64\u963b\u788d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5462\uff1fPython \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u7528Larry Hastings \u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4<\/a>\uff0c GIL \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u8ba9 Python \u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u6837\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cPython \u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002Python \u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684 C \u5e93\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b C \u6269\u5c55\u9700\u8981 GIL \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

GIL \u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 Python \u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684 C \u5e93\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b C \u6269\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a Python \u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u533a\u6b23\u7136\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u89c1\uff0cGIL \u662fCPython<\/a>\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728 Python \u65e9\u671f\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u96be\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09 \u5bf9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h1>\n

\u5f53\u60a8\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u53d7 I\/O \u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06 CPU \u63a8\u5230\u6781\u9650\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u82b1\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6765\u81ea\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u7684\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8003\u8651\u8f93\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u6216\u5728\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5012\u8ba1\u65f6\u7684\u7b80\u5355 CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n

# single_threaded.py\nimport time\nfrom threading import Thread\n\nCOUNT = 50000000\n\ndef countdown(n):\n    while n>0:\n        n -= 1\n\nstart = time.time()\ncountdown(COUNT)\nend = time.time()\n\nprint('Time taken in seconds -', end - start)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6211\u7684 4 \u6838\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ python single_threaded.py\nTime taken in seconds - 6.20024037361145<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u7a0d\u5fae\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5012\u8ba1\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
# multi_threaded.py\nimport time\nfrom threading import Thread\n\nCOUNT = 50000000\n\ndef countdown(n):\n    while n>0:\n        n -= 1\n\nt1 = Thread(target=countdown, args=(COUNT\/\/2,))\nt2 = Thread(target=countdown, args=(COUNT\/\/2,))\n\nstart = time.time()\nt1.start()\nt2.start()\nt1.join()\nt2.join()\nend = time.time()\n\nprint('Time taken in seconds -', end - start)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ python multi_threaded.py\nTime taken in seconds - 6.924342632293701<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cGIL \u963b\u6b62\u4e86 CPU-bound \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
GIL \u5bf9 I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85 I\/O \u65f6\uff0c\u9501\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9501\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5c06\u5176\u7f16\u5199\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u9501\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 GIL \u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1f<\/h1>\n
Python \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50cf Python \u8fd9\u6837\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u50cf\u5220\u9664 GIL \u8fd9\u6837\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5411\u540e\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
GIL \u663e\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90fd\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684 C \u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e GIL \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0cGIL \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u592a\u96be\u4e86\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u73b0\u6709\u7684 Python \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u5f97\u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n
Python \u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u548c BDFL\uff0cGuido van Rossum\uff0c\u4e8e 2007 \u5e74 9 \u6708\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u79fb\u9664 GIL \u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u201d\u4e2d\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f46\u53d7 I\/O \u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u4f1a\u6b22\u8fce Py3k \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8865\u4e01\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff1f<\/h1>\n
Python 3 \u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u6709\u7684 C \u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u968f\u540e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u5e76\u79fb\u690d\u4ee5\u4e0e Python 3 \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u7684\u539f\u56e0Python 3 \u7684\u793e\u533a\u91c7\u7528\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 GIL \u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4e0e Python 2 \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5220\u9664 GIL \u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u4f7f Python 3 \u53d8\u6162\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e GIL \u7684\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f Python 3 \u4ecd\u7136\u6709 GIL\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46 Python 3 \u786e\u5b9e\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u7684 GIL \u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86 GIL \u5bf9\u201c\u4ec5\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ec5\u53d7 I\/O \u9650\u5236\u201d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d7 I\/O \u9650\u5236\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0cPython \u7684 GIL \u4f1a\u997f\u6b7b I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6 GIL \u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u95f4\u9694\u540e\u91ca\u653e GIL \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97 GIL\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
>>>\n>>> import sys\n>>> # The interval is set to 100 instructions:\n>>> sys.getcheckinterval()\n100<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6 GIL \u4e4b\u524d\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6 GIL \u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531 David Beazley \u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u5904<\/a>\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728 2009 \u5e74\u7684 Python 3.2 \u4e2d\u7531 Antoine Pitrou \u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236<\/a>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u7684 GIL \u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6 GIL\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516d \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 Python \u7684 GIL<\/h1>\n
\u5982\u679c GIL \u7ed9\u60a8\u5e26\u6765\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u591a\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a Python \u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 GIL \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python \u6709\u4e00\u4e2amultiprocessing\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Pool\nimport time\n\nCOUNT = 50000000\ndef countdown(n):\n    while n>0:\n        n -= 1\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    pool = Pool(processes=2)\n    start = time.time()\n    r1 = pool.apply_async(countdown, [COUNT\/\/2])\n    r2 = pool.apply_async(countdown, [COUNT\/\/2])\n    pool.close()\n    pool.join()\n    end = time.time()\n    print('Time taken in seconds -', end - start)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
$ python multiprocess.py\nTime taken in seconds - 4.060242414474487<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6bd4\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66ff\u4ee3 Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff1a Python \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5206\u522b\u7528C\u3001Java \u3001C# \u548c Python\u7f16\u5199\u7684CPython\u3001Jython\u3001IronPython \u548cPyPy\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u3002GIL \u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e CPython \u7684\u539f\u59cb Python \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ca\u5176\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u7b49\u5427\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a Python \u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u4e86 GIL \u7684\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u4ece CPython \u4e2d\u5220\u9664 GIL\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aGilectomy<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
Python GIL \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u800c\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a Pythonista\uff0c\u60a8\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7f16\u5199 C \u6269\u5c55\u6216\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7 CPU \u9650\u5236\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3 GIL \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3 GIL \u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u89c2\u770b David Beazley \u7684\u201c\u4e86\u89e3 Python GIL<\/a>\u201d\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1ahttps:\/\/realpython.com\/python-gil\/ \u4e00 Python \u65b0\u63d0\u6848 Pyth […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[410],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7035"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7035"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7035\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}