{"id":7543,"date":"2022-10-11T21:20:26","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T13:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=7543"},"modified":"2022-10-11T21:20:26","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T13:20:26","slug":"cpu%e5%92%8cgpu%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=7543","title":{"rendered":"CPU\u548cGPU\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001CPU\u548cGPU\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u533a\u522b<\/h1>\n

CPU\u548cGPU\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002CPU\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u652f\u8df3\u8f6c\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97CPU\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u800cGPU\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5219\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u65e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6253\u65ad\u7684\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8e\u662fCPU\u548cGPU\u5c31\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff08\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff09\uff1a
\n

\"file\"<\/div>
\n\u3000\u3000\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81eanVidia CUDA\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6a59\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6a59\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

GPU\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u548c\u8d85\u957f\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u7701\u53bb\u4e86Cache\u3002\u800cCPU\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88abCache\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8bf8\u591a\u4f18\u5316\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u53ea\u662fCPU\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206
\n

\"file\"<\/div>
\n\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

Cache, local memory\uff1a CPU > GPU <\/p>\n

Threads(\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570): GPU > CPU<\/p>\n

Registers: GPU > CPU \u591a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684Thread,thread\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230register,thread\u6570\u76ee\u5927\uff0cregister\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u8ddf\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

SIMD Unit(\u5355\u6307\u4ee4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u6d41,\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6267\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4): GPU > CPU\u3002 <\/p>\n

CPU \u57fa\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5ef6\u65f6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a
\n

\"file\"<\/div>
\nCPU\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ALU\uff08\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff09,\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u7b97\u672f\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4eca\u7684CPU\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u523064bit \u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6267\u884c\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6e90\u7b97\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u4e58\u6cd5\u53ea\u9700\u89811\uff5e3\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9891\u7387\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u8fbe\u52301.532\uff5e3gigahertz(\u5343\u5146HZ, 10\u76849\u6b21\u65b9).<\/p>\n

\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u65f6\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u9762\u53d6\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002 \u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u4f9d\u8d56\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u5728pipeline\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e14\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7ed9\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7535\u8def\u5355\u5143\u3002
\n

\"file\"<\/div>
\nGPU\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

GPU\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684ALU\u548c\u5f88\u5c11\u7684cache. \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\u9762\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u548cCPU\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3athread\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u8bbf\u95eedram\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728dram\u4e2d\u800c\u4e0d\u662fcache\u91cc\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540ecache\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95eedram\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5ef6\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

GPU\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\uff08\u5de6\u8fb9\u9ec4\u8272\u533a\u57df\u5757\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u591a\u4e2a\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u5c11\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

GPU\u7684\u867d\u7136\u6709dram\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684ALU\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684thread. \u4e3a\u5566\u5e73\u8861\u5185\u5b58\u5ef6\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u7684ALU\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u591a\u7684Threads.\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u770bGPU ALU\u4f1a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u7684pipeline\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0eCPU\u64c5\u957f\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e32\u884c\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u548c\u901a\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cGPU\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u53d1\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u7834\u89e3\u7b49\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5GPU\u9664\u4e86\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u4e2d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

GPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u6709\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7b97\u51e0\u4ebf\u6b21\u4e00\u767e\u4ee5\u5185\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u96c7\u4e0a\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u7b97\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4f53\u529b\u6d3b\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u800cCPU\u5c31\u50cf\u8001\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u79ef\u5206\u5fae\u5206\u90fd\u4f1a\u7b97\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u8d44\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u6559\u6388\u8d44\u9876\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u5bcc\u58eb\u5eb7\u4f60\u96c7\u54ea\u4e2a\uff1fGPU\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u5f88\u591a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4eba\u6d77\u6218\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u5b66\u751fA\u548c\u5c0f\u5b66\u751fB\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6316\u77ff\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u56fe\u5f62\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5c0f\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u201c\u6d41\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u53bb\u76f8\u4eb2\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u770b\u7740\u987a\u773c\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u603b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f60\u8fd9\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u89c1\u9762\u5462\uff0c\u90a3\u8fb9\u627e\u4eba\u628a\u8bc1\u90fd\u7ed9\u9886\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662fCPU\u6765\u505a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cCPU\u548cGPU\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u521d\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u548cGPU\u6700\u521d\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528GPU\u6765\u7b97\u4e86\u3002GPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u96c7\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\uff0cCPU\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bf7\u4e86\u591a\u4e48\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6559\u6388\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u78be\u538b\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9876\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4eba\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u7684GPU\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5347\u7ea7\u6210\u521d\u4e2d\u751f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4f46\u8fd8\u9700\u8981CPU\u6765\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5582\u5230\u5634\u8fb9\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8fd8\u662f\u9760CPU\u6765\u7ba1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9002\u5408\u5728GPU\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b(Compute-intensive)\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u5728\u4e86\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4ece\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5ef6\u65f6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8bfb\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5927\u6982\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\uff1b\u8bfb\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662fSSD, \u4e5f\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u6162\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u6613\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002GPU\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cdSIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data)\u67b6\u6784\uff0c \u4ed6\u6709\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u4e2a\u6838\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u597d\u80fd\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001CPU\u548cGPU\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u533a\u522b CPU\u548cGPU\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}