{"id":9584,"date":"2024-04-01T17:51:23","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T09:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=9584"},"modified":"2024-04-01T17:51:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T09:51:23","slug":"jwt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egonlin.com\/?p=9584","title":{"rendered":"jwt"},"content":{"rendered":"

JSON Web Token\uff08\u7f29\u5199 JWT\uff09\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8de8\u57df\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8de8\u57df\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h1>\n

\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff08session\uff09\u91cc\u9762\u4fdd\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a session_id\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7684 Cookie\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 Cookie\uff0c\u5c06 session_id \u4f20\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 session_id\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u524d\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff08scaling\uff09\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5355\u673a\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8de8\u57df\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5bfc\u5411\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6c42 session \u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6 session\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cA \u7f51\u7ad9\u548c B \u7f51\u7ad9\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5173\u8054\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u518d\u8bbf\u95ee\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f session \u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u522b\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5c42\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5411\u6301\u4e45\u5c42\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u67b6\u6784\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6301\u4e45\u5c42\u4e07\u4e00\u6302\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7d22\u6027\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58 session \u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u53d1\u56de\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002JWT \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001JWT \u7684\u539f\u7406<\/h1>\n

JWT \u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53d1\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

{\n  "\u59d3\u540d": "\u5f20\u4e09",\n  "\u89d2\u8272": "\u7ba1\u7406\u5458",\n  "\u5230\u671f\u65f6\u95f4": "2018\u5e747\u67081\u65e50\u70b90\u5206"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u53d1\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ea\u9760\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u7be1\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b7e\u540d\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4efb\u4f55 session \u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u4e86\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001JWT \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h1>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u7684 JWT \u5927\u6982\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6837\u3002
\n
\"file\"<\/div>
\n\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\u5206\u9694\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJWT \u5185\u90e8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u51e0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
JWT \u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u6b21\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
Header\uff08\u5934\u90e8\uff09\nPayload\uff08\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff09\nSignature\uff08\u7b7e\u540d\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
Header.Payload.Signature<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"file\"<\/div><\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1 Header<\/h2>\n
Header \u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0 JWT \u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
{\n  "alg": "HS256",\n  "typ": "JWT"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0calg\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u793a\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm\uff09\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f HMAC SHA256\uff08\u5199\u6210 HS256\uff09\uff1btyp\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff08token\uff09\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08type\uff09\uff0cJWT \u4ee4\u724c\u7edf\u4e00\u5199\u4e3aJWT\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528 Base64URL \u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u6587\uff09\u8f6c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
3.2 Payload<\/h2>\n
Payload \u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002JWT \u89c4\u5b9a\u4e867\u4e2a\u5b98\u65b9\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f9b\u9009\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
iss (issuer)\uff1a\u7b7e\u53d1\u4eba\nexp (expiration time)\uff1a\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\nsub (subject)\uff1a\u4e3b\u9898\naud (audience)\uff1a\u53d7\u4f17\nnbf (Not Before)\uff1a\u751f\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\niat (Issued At)\uff1a\u7b7e\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\njti (JWT ID)\uff1a\u7f16\u53f7<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
{\n  "sub": "1234567890",\n  "name": "John Doe",\n  "admin": true\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJWT \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u79d8\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a JSON \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Base64URL \u7b97\u6cd5\u8f6c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
3.3 Signature<\/h2>\n
Signature \u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5bf9\u524d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08secret\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Header \u91cc\u9762\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f HMAC SHA256\uff09\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
HMACSHA256(\n  base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +\n  base64UrlEncode(payload),\n  secret)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7b97\u51fa\u7b7e\u540d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u628a Header\u3001Payload\u3001Signature \u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528"\u70b9"\uff08.\uff09\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
3.4 Base64URL<\/h2>\n
\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0cHeader \u548c Payload \u4e32\u578b\u5316\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f Base64URL\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ddf Base64 \u7b97\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
JWT \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff08token\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5230 URL\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 api.example.com\/?token=xxx\uff09\u3002Base64 \u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26+\u3001\/\u548c=\uff0c\u5728 URL \u91cc\u9762\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6389\uff1a=\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u3001+\u66ff\u6362\u6210-\uff0c\/\u66ff\u6362\u6210_ \u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f Base64URL \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001JWT \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h1>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 JWT\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50a8\u5b58\u5728 Cookie \u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50a8\u5b58\u5728 localStorage\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5e26\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a JWT\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728 Cookie \u91cc\u9762\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u653e\u5728 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5934\u4fe1\u606fAuthorization\u5b57\u6bb5\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8eCookie\u548cJWT\uff08JSON Web Token\uff09\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u6839\u672c\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002Cookie\u662f\u4e0e\u57df\u6709\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u9650\u5236Cookie\u7684\u8de8\u57df\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6eCookie\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF\uff09\u3002\n\u7136\u800c\uff0cJWT\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u7684Authorization\u5b57\u6bb5\u91cc\u9762\u643a\u5e26JWT\uff0c\u5f62\u5982\uff1aAuthorization: Bearer <token>\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662fHTTP\u5934\u90e8\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u540c\u6e90\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6388\u6743\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cJWT\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u800cJWT\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n
Authorization: Bearer 
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