17:pytest的运行方法

04-13pytest的基本使用方法

引言

有了unittest这个经典的测试框架做基础,那么学习其他任何的测试框架都变得有章法可循了。

pytest测试框架也是由unittest改编而来,所以许多地方都是一脉相承。

pytest的运行也是多样化的。

正文:

4 运行测试

前面我们运行的时候,都是在terminal下,输入命令 pytest test_*.py来运行。

实际上pytest提供了不少其他运行指令,我们可以通过pytest –help查看。

这里列出常用的一些指令:

-k 运行名称中包含某字符的测试用例

-q 减少测试的运行冗长

-x 如果出现一天测试用例失败,则退出测试

-v 输出更详细的日志信息

下面是一个测试py文件

.\test_runrule.py

# 运行测试的案例说明模块

# 功能函数

def func(x,y):
    return x+y >10

def func_math(x,y):
    import math
    return math.fabs(x)

def test_isnottrue():
    assert func(3,3) is True

def test_func_math():
    assert func_math(3.333,6.222) >0

​ 我们运行上面的test_runrule.py

1.运行命令: pytest test_runrule.py

(testops) >pytest  test_runrule.py
======================================================== test session starts ========================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
rootdir: D:\Coding\Project\testops\Stage5\07pytest
collected 2 items                                                                                                                    

test_runrule.py F.                                                                                                             [100%]

============================================================= FAILURES ==============================================================
__________________________________________________________ test_isnottrue ___________________________________________________________

    def test_isnottrue():
>       assert func(3,3) is True
E       assert False is True
E        +  where False = func(3, 3)

test_runrule.py:13: AssertionError
==================================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.03s ====================================================

2.运行命令: pytest -k "math" test_runrule.py

其中-k "math" 筛选只包含math的字符测试用例,结果如下,只运行了test_func_math,不运行test_isnottrue

(testops) >pytest -k "math" test_runrule.py
======================================================== test session starts ========================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
rootdir: D:\Coding\Project\testops\Stage5\07pytest
collected 2 items / 1 deselected / 1 selected                                                                                        

test_runrule.py .                                                                                                              [100%]

================================================== 1 passed, 1 deselected in 0.01s ==================================================

3.运行命令: pytest test_runrule.py -q

其中-q 是减少冗长

(testops) >pytest  test_runrule.py -q
F.                                                                                                                             [100%]
============================================================= FAILURES ==============================================================
__________________________________________________________ test_isnottrue ___________________________________________________________

    def test_isnottrue():
>       assert func(3,3) is True
E       assert False is True
E        +  where False = func(3, 3)

test_runrule.py:13: AssertionError
1 failed, 1 passed in 0.03s

4 运行命令: pytest test_runrule.py -x

其中-x 如果出现一条测试用例失败,则退出测试

(testops) >pytest  test_runrule.py -x
======================================================== test session starts ========================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
rootdir: D:\Coding\Project\testops\Stage5\07pytest
collected 2 items                                                                                                                    

test_runrule.py F

============================================================= FAILURES ==============================================================
__________________________________________________________ test_isnottrue ___________________________________________________________

    def test_isnottrue():
>       assert func(3,3) is True
E       assert False is True
E        +  where False = func(3, 3)

test_runrule.py:13: AssertionError
========================================================= 1 failed in 0.03s =========================================================
  1. 运行命令: pytest test_runrule.py -v

    -v 能把信息打印的更详细

    (testops) >pytest test_runrule.py -v
    ======================================================== test session starts ========================================================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0 -- d:\python\virtualenvs\testops\scripts\python.exe
    cachedir: .pytest_cache
    rootdir: D:\Coding\Project\testops\Stage5\07pytest
    collected 2 items                                                                                                                    
    
    test_runrule.py::test_isnottrue FAILED                                                                                         [ 50%]
    test_runrule.py::test_func_math PASSED                                                                                         [100%]
    
    ============================================================= FAILURES ==============================================================
    __________________________________________________________ test_isnottrue ___________________________________________________________
    
       def test_isnottrue():
    >       assert func(3,3) is True
    E       assert False is True
    E        +  where False = func(3, 3)
    
    test_runrule.py:13: AssertionError
    ==================================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.03s ====================================================
  2. 运行命令 pytest .\

    其中.\是文件目录的名字

    (testops) >pytest .\
    ======================================================== test session starts ========================================================
    platform win32 -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-5.2.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.13.0
    rootdir: D:\Coding\Project\testops\Stage5\07pytest
    collected 22 items                                                                                                                   
    
    test_assert.py .                                                                                                               [  4%]
    test_introfixture.py .                                                                                                         [  9%]
    test_main.py F                                                                                                                 [ 13%]
    test_operator.py ...........                                                                                                   [ 63%]
    test_parameterized.py ....                                                                                                     [ 81%]
    test_pytestfixture.py .                                                                                                        [ 86%]
    test_runrule.py F.                                                                                                             [ 95%]
    test_sample.py F                                                                                                               [100%]
    
    ============================================================= FAILURES ==============================================================
    ____________________________________________________________ test_answer ____________________________________________________________
    
       def test_answer():
    >       assert inc(3) == 5
    E       assert 4 == 5
    E        +  where 4 = inc(3)
    
    test_main.py:7: AssertionError
    __________________________________________________________ test_isnottrue ___________________________________________________________
    
       def test_isnottrue():
    >       assert func(3,3) is True
    E       assert False is True
    E        +  where False = func(3, 3)
    
    test_runrule.py:13: AssertionError
    ____________________________________________________________ test_answer ____________________________________________________________
    
       def test_answer():
    >       assert inc(3) == 5
    E       assert 4 == 5
    E        +  where 4 = inc(3)
    
    test_sample.py:6: AssertionError
    =================================================== 3 failed, 19 passed in 0.12s ====================================================
  3. 通过main()方法运行测试

    import pytest
    
    if __name__== '__main__':
       pytest.main(['-s','./test_runrule.py'])

    8.运行的时候生成html报告

    #生成html报告在当前路径,css文件分离
    pytest test_markers.py --html=report.html
    #生成html报告在当前路径,cs文件不分离
    pytest test_markers.py --html=report.html --self-contained-html
# 先安装pytest-html 外部模块
pip install pytest-html

总结:

1 pytest的运行参数千千万,务必牢记 -v -s

2 运行入口有py文件,有class 类, 还有 function方法

3 pytest的html报告需要把css放入html文件中,才能分享出去的时候不丢失

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思考与延伸

1 pytest的html报告中能显示用例描述吗?

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