第四节:记录相关操作

记录相关操作

一、介绍

MySQL数据操作: DML

========================================================

在MySQL管理软件中,可以通过SQL语句中的DML语言来实现数据的操作,包括
使用INSERT实现数据的插入
UPDATE实现数据的更新
使用DELETE实现数据的删除
使用SELECT查询数据以及。

========================================================

本节内容包括:

插入数据 更新数据 删除数据 查询数据

二、插入数据INSERT

1. 插入完整数据(顺序插入)
    语法一:
    INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) VALUES(值1,值2,值3…值n);

    语法二:
    INSERT INTO 表名 VALUES (值1,值2,值3…值n);

2. 指定字段插入数据
    语法:
    INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…) VALUES (值1,值2,值3…);

3. 插入多条记录
    语法:
    INSERT INTO 表名 VALUES
        (值1,值2,值3…值n),
        (值1,值2,值3…值n),
        (值1,值2,值3…值n);

4. 插入查询结果
    语法:
    INSERT INTO 表名(字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) 
                    SELECT (字段1,字段2,字段3…字段n) FROM 表2
                    WHERE …;

三、更新数据UPDATE

语法:
    UPDATE 表名 SET
        字段1=值1,
        字段2=值2,
        WHERE CONDITION;

示例:
    UPDATE mysql.user SET password=password(‘123’) 
        where user=’root’ and host=’localhost’;

四、删除数据DELETE

语法:
    DELETE FROM 表名 
        WHERE CONITION;

示例:
    DELETE FROM mysql.user 
        WHERE password=’’;

练习:
    更新MySQL root用户密码为mysql123
    删除除从本地登录的root用户以外的所有用户

五、查询数据SELECT-单表查询

1、单表查询的语法

SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
                  WHERE 条件
                  GROUP BY field
                  HAVING 筛选
                  ORDER BY field
                  LIMIT 限制条数

2、关键字的执行优先级

*重点中的重点*

from
where
group by
having
select
distinct
order by
limit
1.找到表:from
2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
4.将分组的结果进行having过滤
5.执行select
6.去重
7.将结果按条件排序:order by
8.限制结果的显示条数

3、简单查询

准备表和记录

company.employee
    员工id      id                  int             
    姓名        emp_name            varchar
    性别        sex                 enum
    年龄        age                 int
    入职日期     hire_date           date
    岗位        post                varchar
    职位描述     post_comment        varchar
    薪水        salary              double
    办公室       office              int
    部门编号     depart_id           int

#创建表
create table employee(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null,
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的
age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
hire_date date not null,
post varchar(50),
post_comment varchar(100),
salary double(15,2),
office int, #一个部门一个屋子
depart_id int
);

#查看表结构
mysql> desc employee;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name         | varchar(20)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex          | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
| age          | int(3) unsigned       | NO   |     | 28      |                |
| hire_date    | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| post         | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| post_comment | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| salary       | double(15,2)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| office       | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

#插入记录
#三个部门:教学,销售,运营
insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
('egon','male',18,'20170301','老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
('alex','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
('wupeiqi','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
('yuanhao','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
('liwenzhou','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
('jingliyang','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
('jinxin','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
('成龙','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),

('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),

('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
;

#ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk

#简单查询

   SELECT id,name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id 
    FROM employee;

    SELECT * FROM employee;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee;

#避免重复DISTINCT
    SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee;    

#通过四则运算查询
    SELECT name, salary*12 FROM employee;
    SELECT name, salary*12 AS Annual_salary FROM employee;
    SELECT name, salary*12 Annual_salary FROM employee;

#定义显示格式
   CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串
   SELECT CONCAT('姓名: ',name,'  年薪: ', salary*12)  AS Annual_salary 
   FROM employee;

   CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符
   SELECT CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12)  AS Annual_salary 
   FROM employee;

   结合CASE语句:
   SELECT
       (
           CASE
           WHEN NAME = 'egon' THEN
               NAME
           WHEN NAME = 'alex' THEN
               CONCAT(name,'_BIGSB')
           ELSE
               concat(NAME, 'SB')
           END
       ) as new_name
   FROM
       emp;

小练习:

1 查出所有员工的名字,薪资,格式为
    <名字:egon>    <薪资:3000>
2 查出所有的岗位(去掉重复)
3 查出所有员工名字,以及他们的年薪,年薪的字段名为annual_year

答案:

select concat(‘<名字:’,name,’> ‘,'<薪资:’,salary,’>’) from employee;

select distinct depart_id from employee;

select name,salary*12 annual_salary from employee;

4、WHERE约束

where字句中可以使用:

1. 比较运算符:> < >= <= <> !=
2. between 80 and 100 值在10到20之间
3. in(80,90,100) 值是10或20或30
4. like 'egon%'
    pattern可以是%或_,
    %表示任意多字符
    _表示一个字符
5. 逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not

1:单条件查询
    SELECT name FROM employee
        WHERE post='sale';

#2:多条件查询
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee
        WHERE post='teacher' AND salary>10000;

#3:关键字BETWEEN AND
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;

#4:关键字IS NULL(判断某个字段是否为NULL不能用等号,需要用IS)
    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment IS NULL;

    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment IS NOT NULL;

    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment=''; 注意''是空字符串,不是null
    ps:
        执行
        update employee set post_comment='' where id=2;
        再用上条查看,就会有结果了

#5:关键字IN集合查询
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;

#6:关键字LIKE模糊查询
    通配符’%’
    SELECT * FROM employee 
            WHERE name LIKE 'eg%';

    通配符’_’
    SELECT * FROM employee 
            WHERE name LIKE 'al__';

小练习:

1. 查看岗位是teacher的员工姓名、年龄
2. 查看岗位是teacher且年龄大于30岁的员工姓名、年龄
3. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资在9000-1000范围内的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
4. 查看岗位描述不为NULL的员工信息
5. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
6. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资不是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
7. 查看岗位是teacher且名字是jin开头的员工姓名、年薪
select name,age from employee where post = 'teacher';
select name,age from employee where post='teacher' and age > 30; 
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary between 9000 and 10000;
select * from employee where post_comment is not null;
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary not in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,salary*12 from employee where post='teacher' and name like 'jin%';

5、分组查询:GROUP BY

什么是分组?为什么要分组?

1、首先明确一点:分组发生在where之后,即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的

2、分组指的是:将所有记录按照某个相同字段进行归类,比如针对员工信息表的职位分组,或者按照性别进行分组等

3、为何要分组呢?

取每个部门的最高工资

取每个部门的员工数

取男人数和女人数

小窍门:‘每’这个字后面的字段,就是我们分组的依据

4、大前提:

可以按照任意字段分组,但是分组完毕后,比如group by post,只能查看post字段,如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数

ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY

!!!SQL_MODE设置!!!

mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+-------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode |
+-------------------+
|                   |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp group by post; 
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex    | age | hire_date  | post                       | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 14 | 张野 | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation                  | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
|  9 | 歪歪 | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale                       | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
|  2 | alex | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher                    | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  1 | egon | male   |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果,默认都是组内的第一条记录,但其实这是没有意义的

mysql> set global sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit #设置成功后,一定要退出,然后重新登录方可生效
Bye

mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> select * from emp group by post; #报错
ERROR 1055 (42000): 'db1.emp.id' isn't in GROUP BY
mysql> select post,count(id) from emp group by post; #只能查看分组依据和使用聚合函数
+----------------------------+-----------+
| post                       | count(id) |
+----------------------------+-----------+
| operation                  |         5 |
| sale                       |         5 |
| teacher                    |         7 |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 |         1 |
+----------------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

GROUP BY

单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组
    SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post;
    注意:我们按照post字段分组,那么select查询的字段只能是post,想要获取组内的其他相关信息,需要借助函数

GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用
    SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;#按照岗位分组,并查看组内成员名
    SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post;

GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用
    select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;#按照岗位分组,并查看每个组有多少人

强调:

如果我们用unique的字段作为分组的依据,则每一条记录自成一组,这种分组没有意义

多条记录之间的某个字段值相同,该字段通常用来作为分组的依据

四 聚合函数

强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组

示例:

    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee;
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1;
    SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;

小练习:

\1. 查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字

\2. 查询岗位名以及各岗位内包含的员工个数

\3. 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数

\4. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的平均薪资

\5. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最高薪资

\6. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最低薪资

\7. 查询男员工与男员工的平均薪资,女员工与女员工的平均薪资

#题1:分组
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| post                                    | group_concat(name)                                      |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| operation                               | 张野,程咬金,程咬银,程咬铜,程咬铁                        |
| sale                                    | 歪歪,丫丫,丁丁,星星,格格                                |
| teacher                                 | alex,wupeiqi,yuanhao,liwenzhou,jingliyang,jinxin,成龙   |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              | egon                                                    |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

#题目2:
mysql> select post,count(id) from employee group by post;
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+
| post                                    | count(id) |
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+
| operation                               |         5 |
| sale                                    |         5 |
| teacher                                 |         7 |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              |         1 |
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+

#题目3:
mysql> select sex,count(id) from employee group by sex;
+--------+-----------+
| sex    | count(id) |
+--------+-----------+
| male   |        10 |
| female |         8 |
+--------+-----------+

#题目4:
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------------------------------------+---------------+
| post                                    | avg(salary)   |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------+
| operation                               |  16800.026000 |
| sale                                    |   2600.294000 |
| teacher                                 | 151842.901429 |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              |   7300.330000 |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------+

#题目5
mysql> select post,max(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+
| post                                    | max(salary) |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+
| operation                               |    20000.00 |
| sale                                    |     4000.33 |
| teacher                                 |  1000000.31 |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              |     7300.33 |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+

#题目6
mysql> select post,min(salary) from employee group by post;
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+
| post                                    | min(salary) |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+
| operation                               |    10000.13 |
| sale                                    |     1000.37 |
| teacher                                 |     2100.00 |
| 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              |     7300.33 |
+-----------------------------------------+-------------+

#题目七
mysql> select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;
+--------+---------------+
| sex    | avg(salary)   |
+--------+---------------+
| male   | 110920.077000 |
| female |   7250.183750 |
+--------+---------------+

六、多表查询

1、准备表

#建表
create table department(
id int,
name varchar(20) 
);

create table employee(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male',
age int,
dep_id int
);

#插入数据
insert into department values
(200,'技术'),
(201,'人力资源'),
(202,'销售'),
(203,'运营');

insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values
('egon','male',18,200),
('alex','female',48,201),
('wupeiqi','male',38,201),
('yuanhao','female',28,202),
('liwenzhou','male',18,200),
('jingliyang','female',18,204)
;

#查看表结构和数据
mysql> desc department;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> desc employee;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | |
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> select * from department;
+------+--------------+
| id | name |
+------+--------------+
| 200 | 技术 |
| 201 | 人力资源 |
| 202 | 销售 |
| 203 | 运营 |
+------+--------------+

mysql> select * from employee;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+

2、多表连接查询

#重点:外链接语法

SELECT 字段列表
    FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2
    ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;
1 交叉连接:不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积

mysql> select * from employee,department;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id | id   | name         |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技术         |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 销售         |
|  1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 运营         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  200 | 技术         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  202 | 销售         |
|  2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  203 | 运营         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  200 | 技术         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  202 | 销售         |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  203 | 运营         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  200 | 技术         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  202 | 销售         |
|  4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  203 | 运营         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技术         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  202 | 销售         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  203 | 运营         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  200 | 技术         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  202 | 销售         |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 |  203 | 运营         |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
2 内连接:只连接匹配的行

#找两张表共有的部分,相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果
#department没有204这个部门,因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id=department.id; 
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
| id | name      | age  | sex    | name         |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+
|  1 | egon      |   18 | male   | 技术         |
|  2 | alex      |   48 | female | 人力资源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi   |   38 | male   | 人力资源     |
|  4 | yuanhao   |   28 | female | 销售         |
|  5 | liwenzhou |   18 | male   | 技术         |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------------+

#上述sql等同于
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;
3 外链接之左连接:优先显示左表全部记录

#以左表为准,即找出所有员工信息,当然包括没有部门的员工
#本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的结果
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+------------+--------------+
| id | name       | depart_name  |
+----+------------+--------------+
|  1 | egon       | 技术         |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | 技术         |
|  2 | alex       | 人力资源     |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | 人力资源     |
|  4 | yuanhao    | 销售         |
|  6 | jingliyang | NULL         |
+----+------------+--------------+

4 外链接之右连接:优先显示右表全部记录

#以右表为准,即找出所有部门信息,包括没有员工的部门
#本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加右边有左边没有的结果
mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+------+-----------+--------------+
| id   | name      | depart_name  |
+------+-----------+--------------+
|    1 | egon      | 技术         |
|    2 | alex      | 人力资源     |
|    3 | wupeiqi   | 人力资源     |
|    4 | yuanhao   | 销售         |
|    5 | liwenzhou | 技术         |
| NULL | NULL      | 运营         |
+------+-----------+--------------+

5 全外连接:显示左右两个表全部记录

全外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果
#注意:mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN
#强调:mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
;
#查看结果
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id   | name       | sex    | age  | dep_id | id   | name         |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
|    1 | egon       | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技术         |
|    5 | liwenzhou  | male   |   18 |    200 |  200 | 技术         |
|    2 | alex       | female |   48 |    201 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|    3 | wupeiqi    | male   |   38 |    201 |  201 | 人力资源     |
|    4 | yuanhao    | female |   28 |    202 |  202 | 销售         |
|    6 | jingliyang | female |   18 |    204 | NULL | NULL         |
| NULL | NULL       | NULL   | NULL |   NULL |  203 | 运营         |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+

#注意 union与union all的区别:union会去掉相同的纪录

3、符合条件连接查询

#示例1:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且employee表中的age字段值必须大于25,即找出年龄大于25岁的员工以及员工所在的部门
select employee.name,department.name from employee inner join department
    on employee.dep_id = department.id
    where age > 25;

#示例2:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且以age字段的升序方式显示
select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,department.name from employee,department
    where employee.dep_id = department.id
    and age > 25
    order by age asc;

4、子查询

#1:子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。
#2:内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。
#3:子查询中可以包含:IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字
#4:还可以包含比较运算符:= 、 !=、> 、<等
# 带IN关键字的子查询
 #查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名
select id,name from department
    where id in 
        (select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);

#查看技术部员工姓名
select name from employee
    where dep_id in 
        (select id from department where name='技术');

#查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id)
select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee);

上一篇
下一篇
Copyright © 2022 Egon的技术星球 egonlin.com 版权所有 帮助IT小伙伴学到真正的技术