kubeadm部署k8s1.30
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旧版博客：https://egonlin.com/?p=6618

一、k8s包yum源介绍

二、准备工作

0、准备3台机器

每台机器内存>=2G

1、修改主机名及解析(三台节点)

# 1、修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master-01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node-01
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node-02
# 2、三台机器添加host解析
cat >> /etc/hosts << "EOF"
192.168.71.12 k8s-master-01 m1
192.168.71.13 k8s-node-01 n1
192.168.71.14 k8s-node-02 n2
EOF

2、关闭一些服务(三台节点)

# 1、关闭selinux
sed -i 's#enforcing#disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
 
# 2、禁用防火墙，网络管理，邮箱
systemctl disable --now firewalld NetworkManager postfix
 
# 3、关闭swap分区
swapoff -a 
​
# 注释swap分区
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab

3、sshd服务优化

# 1、加速访问
sed -ri 's@^#UseDNS yes@UseDNS no@g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
sed -ri 's#^GSSAPIAuthentication yes#GSSAPIAuthentication no#g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
grep ^UseDNS /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
grep ^GSSAPIAuthentication /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart sshd
 
# 2、密钥登录（主机点做）:为了让后续一些远程拷贝操作更方便
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id -i root@k8s-master-01
ssh-copy-id -i root@k8s-node-01
ssh-copy-id -i root@k8s-node-02

4、增大文件打开数量（退出当前会话立即生效）

cat > /etc/security/limits.d/k8s.conf <<'EOF' 
* soft nofile 65535 
* hard nofile 131070 
EOF 
 
ulimit -Sn 
ulimit -Hn

5、所有节点配置模块自动加载，此步骤不做的话(kubeadm init时会直接失败!)

modprobe br_netfilter
modprobe ip_conntrack
cat >>/etc/rc.sysinit<<EOF
#!/bin/bash
for file in /etc/sysconfig/modules/*.modules ; do
[ -x $file ] && $file
done
EOF
echo "modprobe br_netfilter" >/etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules
echo "modprobe ip_conntrack" >/etc/sysconfig/modules/ip_conntrack.modules
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ip_conntrack.modules
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

6、同步集群时间

# =====================》chrony服务端：服务端我们可以自己搭建，也可以直接用公网上的时间服务器，所以是否部署服务端看你自己
# 1、安装
yum -y install chrony
​
# 2、修改配置文件
mv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf.bak
​
cat > /etc/chrony.conf << EOF
server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp2.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp3.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp4.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp5.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp6.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
server ntp7.aliyun.com iburst minpoll 4 maxpoll 10
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
makestep 10 3
rtcsync
allow 0.0.0.0/0
local stratum 10
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
logdir /var/log/chrony
stratumweight 0.05
noclientlog
logchange 0.5
 
EOF
​
# 4、启动chronyd服务
systemctl restart chronyd.service # 最好重启，这样无论原来是否启动都可以重新加载配置
systemctl enable chronyd.service
systemctl status chronyd.service
 
# =====================》chrony客户端：在需要与外部同步时间的机器上安装，启动后会自动与你指定的服务端同步时间
# 下述步骤一次性粘贴到每个客户端执行即可
# 1、安装chrony
yum -y install chrony
# 2、需改客户端配置文件
mv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf.bak
cat > /etc/chrony.conf << EOF
server 服务端的ip地址或可解析的主机名 iburst
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
makestep 10 3
rtcsync
local stratum 10
keyfile /etc/chrony.key
logdir /var/log/chrony
stratumweight 0.05
noclientlog
logchange 0.5
 
EOF
# 3、启动chronyd
systemctl restart chronyd.service
systemctl enable chronyd.service
systemctl status chronyd.service
 
# 4、验证
chronyc sources -v

7、更新基础yum源（三台机器）

# 1、清理
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
yum remove epel-release -y
rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel/
 
# 2、安装阿里的base与epel源
curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 
curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all yum makecache
 
# 或者用华为的也行
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-reg.repo 
# yum install -y https://repo.huaweicloud.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

8、更新系统软件(排除内核)

 yum update -y --exclud=kernel*

9、安装基础常用软件

yum -y install expect wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git ntpdate chrony bind-utils rsync unzip git

10、更新内核（docker 对系统内核要求比较高，最好使用4.4+）主节点操作

wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-5.4.274-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-devel-5.4.274-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
 
for i in n1 n2 m1 ; do scp kernel-lt-* $i:/opt; done
 
 
补充：如果下载的慢就从网盘里拿吧
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gVyeBQsJPZjc336E8zGjyQ 
提取码：Egon

三个节点操作

 #安装
yum localinstall -y /opt/kernel-lt*
 
#调到默认启动
grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg 
 
#查看当前默认启动的内核
grubby --default-kernel
 
#重启系统
reboot

11、三个节点安装IPVS

# 1、安装ipvsadm等相关工具
yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp 
 
# 2、配置加载
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<"EOF" 
#!/bin/bash 
ipvs_modules="ip_vs ip_vs_lc ip_vs_wlc ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_lblc ip_vs_lblcr ip_vs_dh ip_vs_sh ip_vs_fo ip_vs_nq ip_vs_sed ip_vs_ftp nf_conntrack" 
 
for kernel_module in ${ipvs_modules}; 
do 
	/sbin/modinfo -F filename ${kernel_module} > /dev/null 2>&1 
	if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then 
		/sbin/modprobe ${kernel_module} 
	fi 
done 
EOF
 
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep ip_vs

12、三台机器修改内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp.keepaliv.probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp.max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp.max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.top_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
 
# 立即生效
sysctl --system

三、安装containerd(三台节点都要做)

自Kubernetes1.24以后，K8S就不再原生支持docker了

我们都知道containerd来自于docker，后被docker捐献给了云原生计算基金会（我们安装docker当然会一并安装上containerd）

-------------------------配置docker（下述内容不用操作，因为k8s1.30直接对接containerd）
# 1、配置docker
# 修改配置：驱动与kubelet保持一致，否则会后期无法启动kubelet
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << "EOF"
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors":["https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com/"]
}
EOF
 
# 2、重启docker
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service
 
# 3、查看验证
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# docker info |grep -i cgroup
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Cgroup Version: 1

四、安装k8s

官网：https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/

1、三台机器准备k8s源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << "EOF" 
[kubernetes] 
name=Kubernetes 
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm/ 
enabled=1 
gpgcheck=1 
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key 
EOF

# 参考：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes/
setenforce 0
yum install -y kubelet-1.30* kubeadm-1.30* kubectl-1.30*
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet && systemctl status kubelet

2、主节点操作（node节点不执行）

初始化master节点(仅在master节点上执行)： 
# 可以kubeadm config images list查看
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubeadm config images list
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.30.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.30.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.30.0
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.30.0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.12-0

 

部署方法一：先生成配置文件，编辑修改后，再部署（推荐，因为高级配置只能通过配置文件指定，方案二直接用kubeadm init则无法指定，例如配置使用ipvs模式）

部署方案二：直接命令行敲命令（命令行不能指定用什么模式，只能用默认为iptables模式）

结果

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
 
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
 
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
 
  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
 
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
 
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
 
kubeadm join 192.168.71.12:6443 --token 9hovhy.vxm1l7zs16zr53ve \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3b210d53b7f26a43ccf251cfb9f809f280048ab70bf5c1458c69586ed0eb9905

 

查看node： 最开始时NotReady状态正常，因为网络组件没有部署ok

[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master-01 NotReady control-plane 4m26s v1.30.0
 
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7c445c467-mfls7 0/1 Pending 0 6m30s
coredns-7c445c467-zvkkw 0/1 Pending 0 6m30s
etcd-k8s-master-01 1/1 Running 0 6m44s
kube-apiserver-k8s-master-01 1/1 Running 0 6m44s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master-01 1/1 Running 0 6m44s
kube-proxy-jhxrd 1/1 Running 0 109s
kube-proxy-nh7tj 1/1 Running 0 33s
kube-proxy-q92mx 1/1 Running 0 6m30s
kube-scheduler-k8s-master-01 1/1 Running 0 6m44s

3、加入node节点

去另外两个node节点上执行

 kubeadm join 192.168.71.12:6443 --token 9hovhy.vxm1l7zs16zr53ve \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:3b210d53b7f26a43ccf251cfb9f809f280048ab70bf5c1458c69586ed0eb9905

4、部署网络插件

下载网络插件

 wget https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml
 
[root@master01 flannel]# vim kube-flannel.yml 
 
apiVersion: v1
data:
  ...
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", # 与--pod-network-cidr保持一致
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }

部署（在master01上即可）

kubectl -n kube-flannel get pods
kubectl -n kube-flannel get pods -w
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubectl get nodes # 全部ready
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods # 两个coredns的pod也都ready

5、部署kubectl命令提示（在所有节点执行）

yum install bash-completion* -y
 
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
echo "source '$HOME/.kube/completion.bash.inc'" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

6、其他

五、铲掉k8s环境重新部署

遇到部署错误，可以铲掉整个k8s环境然后重新部署（本文第三章节前的操作不清理，下述指令清理的知识第四章节的内容）

# ==============================》铲掉
# 在master节点上
kubeadm reset -f
 
 
# 在所有节点包括master节点在内上执行如下命令
cd /tmp # 有时候在当前目录下可能与要卸载的包重名的而导致卸载报错，可以切个目录
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd
 
 
rm -rf /run/flannel
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /etc/cni/net.d
rm -rf /run/xtables.lock
 
 
systemctl stop kubelet
yum remove kube* -y
 
for i in `df |grep kubelet |awk '{print $NF}'`;do umount -l $i ;done # 先卸载所有kubelet挂载否则下条命令无法删除
rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
 
iptables -F
 
reboot # 重新启动，从头再来
 
 
 
 
# ==============================》然后重新部署
# 第一步：在所有节点执行
yum install -y kubelet-1.30* kubeadm-1.30* kubectl-1.30*
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet && systemctl status kubelet
 
 
 
# 第二步：只在master节点上执行
 
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
 
 
# 第三步：部署网络插件
kubectl  apply -f kube-flannel.yml

 

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